Biotechnology Fundamentals
Definition and Scope of Biotechnology25History and Evolution of Biotechnology22Ethical and Societal Implications of Biotechnology22DNA Structure and Function26DNA Replication and Transcription29Protein Synthesis and Translation25Recombinant DNA Technology28Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)30Biotechnology in Medicine and Healthcare23Fermentation and Bioreactors26Downstream Processing27Scale-up and Commercialization25
Cell Biology
Introduction to Cells29Cell Membrane26Cytoplasm and Cytosol29Nucleus29Mitochondria22Endoplasmic Reticulum24Golgi Apparatus28Lysosomes30Peroxisomes27Ribosomes23Mitosis25Meiosis26Cell Cycle Regulation23Introduction to Cell Signaling25G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)29Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)23Signal Transduction Pathways28Introduction to Cell Metabolism26Glycolysis28Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)23Oxidative Phosphorylation24
Biochemistry
Definition and Scope of Biochemistry24Basic Concepts of Chemistry26Water and pH24Carbohydrates25Lipids29Proteins30Nucleic Acids31Overview of Metabolism28Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis26Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)23Oxidative Phosphorylation23DNA Replication27Transcription22Translation23Gene Expression and Regulation24Recombinant DNA Technology30Bioinformatics22Medical Biotechnology26Industrial Biotechnology22
Bioprocess Engineering
Definition and Scope of Bioprocess Engineering23History and Evolution of Bioprocess Engineering30Basic Principles of Microbiology and Biochemistry25Types of Bioreactors22Bioreactor Design Parameters23Bioreactor Operation and Monitoring23Media Preparation and Sterilization26Cell Culture and Fermentation28Downstream Processing23Cell Harvesting and Disruption31Chromatography and Membrane Filtration22Product Formulation and Packaging23Bioprocess Economics23Regulatory Affairs in Bioprocess Engineering25Environmental Impact and Sustainability25
Bioinformatics
Definition and Scope of Bioinformatics30Biological Databases and Data Retrieval29Sequence Alignment and Analysis27Genome Sequencing and Assembly27Gene Prediction and Annotation27Comparative Genomics22Protein Structure Determination23Protein Function Prediction24Protein-Protein Interactions24Bioinformatics Software and Resources26Bioinformatics Pipelines and Workflows27Applications in Biotechnology and Medicine24
Biomaterials
Definition and Classification of Biomaterials24Biocompatibility and Tissue Response27Biomaterial Characterization Techniques26Properties and Applications of Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloys30Biodegradable Metallic Implants26Shape Memory Alloys in Biomedicine25Bioceramics for Bone and Dental Applications28Bioactive Glasses and Glass-Ceramics25Carbon-Based Biomaterials22Biodegradable Polymers for Tissue Engineering25Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications25Biomimetic Polymers23Polymer-Ceramic Composites29Metal-Polymer Composites24Bioactive Composite Scaffolds23Scaffold Design and Fabrication Techniques24Cell-Biomaterial Interactions25Tissue Engineering Applications25Drug Delivery Systems27Biomaterials for Gene Therapy26Biomaterials in Cancer Treatment27
Biomedical Engineering
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering30Biomaterials24Biomechanics24Bioelectricity22Bioinformatics31Medical Imaging Techniques26Biosignal Processing24Biosensors28Medical Informatics26Prosthetic and Orthotic Devices27Implantable Devices24Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine26Drug Delivery Systems27Design Process and Methodology22Prototyping and Testing29Regulatory Considerations23Entrepreneurship and Innovation25
Bioethics
Definition and Scope of Bioethics24Ethical Theories and Bioethics22Bioethical Decision-Making28Genetic Engineering and Gene Editing23Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine25Artificial Intelligence and Bioethics29Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent26End-of-Life Care and Euthanasia29Healthcare Resource Allocation29Informed Consent and Research Participation29Data Privacy and Confidentiality22Research Misconduct and Scientific Integrity31Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity24Climate Change and Health31Bioethics and Global Health27