Master Tree Data Structures: Concepts, Operations, and Applications

Question 1

Which operation can help maintain balance in a binary tree?

Accepted Answer

Rotation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Traversal

Question 2

An AVL tree is a type of:

Accepted Answer

Balanced binary search tree

Answer

Complete binary tree

Answer

Full binary tree

Answer

Perfect binary tree

Question 3

What characteristic distinguishes AVL trees from other binary search trees?

Accepted Answer

Height difference between subtrees is at most one.

Answer

The tree must be complete.

Answer

The tree must be perfect.

Answer

AVL trees are always height-balanced.

Question 4

In a binary tree, what is the maximum number of nodes at level 'h'?

Accepted Answer

2^h

Answer

h

Answer

h^2

Answer

2^(h+1)

Question 5

Which defining characteristic distinguishes a binary tree from other tree structures?

Accepted Answer

Each node in a binary tree can have a maximum of two child nodes.

Answer

The left child of a node is always greater in value than the right child.

Answer

Binary trees are inherently balanced, ensuring efficient operations.

Answer

The root node of a binary tree contains the largest value in the tree.

Question 6

In the context of binary search trees, what is the time complexity of searching for a specific element?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of a self-balancing binary tree, like an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a balanced structure even after insertions and deletions, ensuring efficient operations.

Answer

To enhance the efficiency of search operations specifically.

Answer

To minimize the memory usage of the tree.

Answer

To eliminate the need for tree traversals.

Question 8

What is a potential drawback of using a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Binary search trees can become unbalanced during insertions and deletions, affecting their efficiency.

Answer

Binary search trees require additional memory for balancing operations.

Answer

Binary search trees are not suitable for storing large datasets.

Answer

Binary search trees are inherently difficult to implement and maintain.

Question 9

What is the key difference between a binary search tree and an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

AVL trees are self-balancing, while binary search trees are not.

Answer

Binary search trees support insertion and deletion, while AVL trees do not.

Answer

AVL trees have a smaller height than binary search trees.

Answer

Binary search trees are more efficient for searching than AVL trees.

Question 10

Which type of tree maintains a specific ordering property for its elements?

Accepted Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

Binary tree

Answer

AVL tree

Answer

Splay tree

Question 11

What is the average-case time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 12

Which operation involves visiting each node in a tree exactly once?

Accepted Answer

Traversal

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Searching

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of using an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

To maintain balance after insert and delete operations

Answer

To ensure faster search and retrieval times

Answer

To reduce memory consumption

Answer

To simplify tree traversal algorithms

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a real-world application of binary trees?

Accepted Answer

Sorting

Answer

Huffman coding

Answer

Expression evaluation

Answer

Database indexing

Question 15

What is the maximum number of nodes in a full binary tree with height h?

Accepted Answer

2^(h+1)-1

Answer

2^(h-1)

Answer

2^h

Answer

2^(2h)

Question 16

What is the average-case time complexity of inserting an element into a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 17

For a balanced binary search tree, determine the time complexity of inserting an element in the average, best, and worst-case scenarios.

Accepted Answer

O(log n) for all scenarios

Answer

O(1) for all scenarios

Answer

O(n) for all scenarios

Answer

O(n^2) for the worst case

Question 18

What is the time complexity for searching a specific element in a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Question 19

Which traversal method visits nodes in the order of their depth in the tree?

Accepted Answer

Level-order

Answer

Preorder

Answer

Inorder

Answer

Postorder

Question 20

What is the purpose of an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

To maintain balance during insertion and deletion operations, optimizing search efficiency.

Answer

To represent hierarchical relationships between objects.

Answer

To efficiently store and retrieve data.

Answer

To simulate real-world scenarios.

Question 21

What is the key difference between a binary tree and a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Binary search trees impose a specific order on elements, while binary trees do not.

Answer

Binary trees allow duplicate values, while binary search trees do not.

Answer

Binary trees are more efficient than binary search trees.

Answer

There is no difference between binary trees and binary search trees.

Question 22

Which data structure is commonly used to implement a priority queue?

Accepted Answer

Binary heap

Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

AVL tree

Answer

Red-Black tree

Question 23

What is the idea behind the recursive approach to traversing trees?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down the tree into smaller subtrees for traversal.

Answer

Repeatedly visiting the root node of the tree.

Answer

Using a queue to keep track of visited nodes.

Answer

Using a stack to keep track of visited nodes.

Question 24

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Question 25

Which of the following tree traversals visits all nodes in the tree in an order such that all nodes in a subtree are visited before moving to the next subtree?

Accepted Answer

Preorder

Answer

Inorder

Answer

Postorder

Answer

Level order

Question 26

What is the difference between a complete and a full binary tree?

Accepted Answer

A complete binary tree has all its levels filled, except possibly the last one, while a full binary tree has all its levels completely filled

Answer

A full binary tree has all its levels filled, except possibly the last one, while a complete binary tree has all its levels completely filled

Answer

There is no difference between a complete and a full binary tree.

Answer

Only a full binary tree can be used for a binary heap implementation.

Question 27

What is the purpose of the inorder traversal of a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

To print the elements in ascending order

Answer

To print the elements in descending order

Answer

To search for a specific element

Answer

To delete a specific element

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a property of binary search trees (BSTs)?

Accepted Answer

All nodes at the same level have different values.

Answer

Left child contains a smaller value than parent.

Answer

Right child contains a larger value than parent.

Answer

At most two child nodes per node.

Question 29

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree with n nodes?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(log n^2)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 30

What traversal visits nodes in the order: root, left subtree, right subtree?

Accepted Answer

Pre-order traversal

Answer

In-order traversal

Answer

Post-order traversal

Answer

Level-order traversal

Question 31

What is the main purpose of AVL trees?

Accepted Answer

Maintain balance in binary search trees

Answer

Improve search efficiency in unbalanced trees

Answer

Handle duplicate values in binary trees

Answer

Reduce the height of binary trees

Question 32

Define the difference between a node's degree and its height in a tree.

Accepted Answer

Degree is child nodes, while height is distance to deepest leaf.

Answer

Degree is child nodes, while height is edges to root.

Answer

Height is child nodes, while degree is distance to deepest leaf.

Answer

Height is child nodes, while degree is edges to root.

Question 33

Determine the time complexity of a pre-order traversal of a binary tree.

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Question 34

Explain the distinction between a complete binary tree and a perfect binary tree.

Accepted Answer

A complete binary tree has all levels filled except possibly the last level, while a perfect binary tree has all levels completely filled.

Answer

A perfect binary tree has all nodes with degree 2, while a complete binary tree may have nodes with degree 1 or 2.

Answer

A complete binary tree has a maximum height of n, while a perfect binary tree has a maximum height of log n.

Answer

There is no difference between a complete binary tree and a perfect binary tree.

Question 35

Which traversal method visits all nodes of a binary tree in the following order: left subtree, root, right subtree?

Accepted Answer

In-order

Answer

Pre-order

Answer

Post-order

Question 36

What is the primary purpose of an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a balanced binary search tree

Answer

To store key-value pairs efficiently

Answer

To represent hierarchical data

Answer

To implement a priority queue

Question 37

Which search algorithm is most suitable for a sorted binary tree?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Linear search

Answer

Depth-first search

Answer

Breadth-first search

Question 38

Which characteristic distinguishes a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Nodes are arranged in ascending order

Answer

Duplicate values are allowed

Answer

Only root node has two child nodes

Answer

Traversal order is randomized

Question 39

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n)

Question 40

Which tree traversal is used to locate the smallest value in a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

In-order traversal

Answer

Level-order traversal

Answer

Pre-order traversal

Answer

Post-order traversal

Question 41

Identify the operation that cannot be performed on a binary search tree.

Accepted Answer

Inserting duplicate values

Answer

Searching for a key

Answer

Finding the largest value

Answer

Deleting a node

Question 42

What is the role of the balancing factor in an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

To maintain balanced heights between subtrees

Answer

To store the count of nodes in the tree

Answer

To enhance the speed of insertion and deletion operations

Answer

To determine if the tree is a binary search tree

Question 43

What is the worst-case time complexity of inserting a node into a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Question 44

Which traversal method visits the root node first, followed by the left subtree, and then the right subtree?

Accepted Answer

Preorder Traversal

Answer

Level Order Traversal

Answer

Inorder Traversal

Answer

Postorder Traversal

Question 45

A binary search tree (BST) maintains a specific ordering property. Which of the following statements accurately describes this property?

Accepted Answer

All nodes in the left subtree of a node have keys smaller than the node's key, and all nodes in the right subtree have keys larger than the node's key.

Answer

All nodes at the same level have the same key.

Question 46

What is the time complexity of searching for a specific node in a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n log n)

Question 47

Which of the following data structures is NOT a type of tree?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Trie

Answer

Binary Tree

Answer

Heap

Question 48

In an AVL tree, what is the maximum height difference allowed between the left and right subtrees of any node?

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

No limit

Answer

0

Question 49

Which traversal method is most suitable for printing the elements of a binary search tree in sorted order?

Accepted Answer

Inorder Traversal

Answer

Preorder Traversal

Answer

Postorder Traversal

Answer

Level Order Traversal

Question 50

A binary tree is considered 'complete' if:

Accepted Answer

All levels except possibly the last are fully filled, and all nodes at the last level are as far left as possible.

Answer

All nodes have exactly two children.

Question 51

Which of the following algorithms is commonly used to insert a new node into a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Recursive Insertion

Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Linear Search

Answer

Bubble Sort

Question 52

What is the primary advantage of using a tree data structure over a linked list?

Accepted Answer

Faster access to specific nodes due to its hierarchical structure.

Answer

Trees are more efficient for sequential data processing.

Answer

Trees require less memory than linked lists.

Question 53

In a Huffman coding tree, what is the significance of assigning shorter codewords to more frequent characters?

Accepted Answer

It minimizes the overall size of the encoded data.

Answer

It makes the tree more balanced.

Answer

It improves the efficiency of the tree traversal algorithms.

Answer

It speeds up the decoding process.