Research Ethics in Nursing: Essential Principles and Guidelines

Question 1

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is NOT responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Providing ethical training to researchers.

Answer

Reviewing and approving research proposals.

Answer

Monitoring ongoing research projects.

Answer

Protecting the rights and welfare of research participants.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

Scientific validity

Answer

Respect for persons

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in research involving human subjects?

Accepted Answer

Academic Integrity

Answer

Respect for Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 4

Which of the following is an ethical principle that guides research involving human subjects?

Accepted Answer

Respect for individuals

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Deception

Answer

Coercion

Question 5

In research involving human subjects, which ethical principle is paramount?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Answer

Using deception without disclosing it

Answer

Prioritizing researcher interests over participant interests

Answer

Withholding research findings from participants

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle in research involving human subjects?

Accepted Answer

Scientific misconduct

Answer

Respect for autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 7

Which ethical principle mandates researchers to prioritize participants' well-being and minimize potential harm?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 8

What is the primary objective of informed consent in research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that participants fully comprehend the study's risks and benefits

Answer

To protect researchers from legal liability

Answer

To guarantee that participants will not withdraw from the study

Answer

To waive the participant's right to privacy

Question 9

Which principle of research ethics emphasizes that participants should be fully informed about the purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits of the research before agreeing to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Question 10

What is the primary purpose of maintaining confidentiality in research?

Accepted Answer

To protect participants from being identified or harmed

Answer

To ensure data integrity

Answer

To enhance participant trust

Answer

To comply with legal regulations

Question 11

Which federal regulation governs the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Common Rule

Answer

Declaration of Helsinki

Answer

Belmont Report

Answer

Nuremberg Code

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk associated with data collection in research?

Accepted Answer

Publication bias

Answer

Breach of confidentiality

Answer

Invasion of privacy

Answer

Harm to participants

Question 13

Which type of research design typically poses the greatest ethical challenges, especially regarding potential risks and benefits to participants?

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies

Answer

Observational studies

Answer

Qualitative studies

Answer

Mixed methods studies

Question 14

Which ethical principle requires researchers to treat participants fairly and equitably, regardless of their personal characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Autonomy

Question 15

Which ethical principle places primary importance on respecting individuals' right to self-determination?

Accepted Answer

Respect for autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 16

Which ethical principle prioritizes maximizing benefits and minimizing risks for research participants?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Answer

Fidelity

Question 17

The primary purpose of obtaining informed consent in research is to:

Accepted Answer

Ensure participants fully grasp the study's implications

Answer

Safeguard participants from potential risks

Answer

Secure legal consent from participants

Answer

Protect researchers from liability

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk to individuals participating in research?

Accepted Answer

Financial compensation

Answer

Physical harm

Answer

Psychological distress

Answer

Loss of privacy

Question 19

If researchers encounter ethical concerns during a study, they should:

Accepted Answer

Consult with the IRB

Answer

Disregard the concerns

Answer

Proceed with the research as planned

Answer

Withdraw from the study

Question 20

In research involving human subjects, what is a key ethical concern related to data management?

Accepted Answer

Protecting participant privacy

Answer

Ensuring data quality

Answer

Following institutional rules

Answer

Sharing data openly

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle that guides research involving human subjects?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Respect for persons

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent in research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that participants fully comprehend the study's nature, risks, and benefits before deciding to participate.

Answer

To protect researchers from potential legal consequences.

Question 23

Which of the following is considered a vulnerable population in research due to inherent power imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Children

Answer

Healthy adults

Answer

University professors

Question 24

What is the primary function of an institutional review board (IRB) in research ethics?

Accepted Answer

To independently review and approve research proposals, ensuring adherence to ethical principles and participant protection.

Answer

To conduct research independently without researcher involvement.

Question 25

What is the ethical significance of confidentiality in research?

Accepted Answer

Preserving participant privacy and anonymity by safeguarding their data and personal information.

Answer

Allowing researchers to share data with third parties without seeking consent.

Answer

Using data for purposes beyond those outlined in the consent form.

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with the use of deception in research?

Accepted Answer

Erosion of trust between researchers and participants.

Answer

Increased participant engagement.

Answer

Reduced research expenses.

Answer

Improved research findings.

Question 27

What is the principle of beneficence in research ethics?

Accepted Answer

Balancing the potential benefits of research against potential risks to ensure participant well-being.

Answer

Guaranteeing fair compensation for participants.

Answer

Protecting participants from any potential discomfort or inconvenience.

Question 28

Which of the following is a researcher's ethical responsibility in conducting research?

Accepted Answer

Identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest.

Answer

Publishing research findings without obtaining participant consent.

Answer

Dismissing ethical concerns raised by participants.

Answer

Intentionally fabricating data to support their hypothesis.

Question 29

What is the key distinction between plagiarism and copyright infringement in research?

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism involves stealing someone else's ideas and presenting them as your own, while copyright infringement is using copyrighted material without permission or attribution.

Answer

Plagiarism and copyright infringement are synonymous terms.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of conducting research ethically?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of legal disputes.

Answer

Enhanced public trust in research.

Answer

Greater credibility of research findings.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a core ethical principle governing research involving human subjects?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Respect for autonomy

Question 32

The voluntary agreement of an individual to participate in research is known as:

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality agreement

Answer

Participant disclosure

Answer

Data protection waiver

Question 33

Which of the following practices can safeguard the confidentiality of research participants?

Accepted Answer

Using de-identified data

Answer

Sharing data with third parties without consent

Answer

Publishing participant names

Answer

Storing data without encryption

Question 34

Data protection in research primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the integrity and security of collected data

Answer

Storing data in insecure and accessible formats

Answer

Deleting data after immediate use

Answer

Distributing data to all researchers without restrictions

Question 35

A potential risk to participants in research may include:

Accepted Answer

Physical or psychological harm

Answer

Enhanced well-being

Answer

Financial compensation

Answer

Increased self-awareness

Question 36

The Institutional Review Board (IRB) plays a crucial role in:

Accepted Answer

Reviewing and approving research proposals involving human subjects

Answer

Recruiting participants for research

Answer

Conducting research studies independently

Answer

Disseminating research findings to the public

Question 37

Ethical research practices contribute to:

Accepted Answer

Protecting the safety and welfare of participants

Answer

Reducing the costs associated with research

Answer

Gaining personal recognition and rewards

Answer

Accelerating research progress without regard for ethical concerns

Question 38

A researcher's primary ethical obligation is to:

Accepted Answer

Protect participants from harm

Answer

Ignore any potential risks to participants

Answer

Coerce individuals into participating in research

Answer

Prioritize their personal interests

Question 39

Violating research ethics can lead to serious consequences, including:

Accepted Answer

Loss of funding or reputational damage

Answer

Increased participant trust

Answer

Enhanced research efficiency

Answer

Improved research outcomes

Question 40

Informed consent is crucial in research because it:

Accepted Answer

Respects participants' autonomy and decision-making

Answer

Guarantees the accuracy of research findings

Answer

Protects researchers from legal liability

Answer

Saves time during the research process