Social Psychology: Uncover the Influence of Social Factors on Behavior

Question 1

In social psychology, what is the tendency for individuals to adopt the beliefs and behaviors of their group, even if they personally disagree?

Accepted Answer

Normative Influence

Answer

Group Polarization

Answer

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer

Social Facilitation

Question 2

Which strategies have been proven effective in promoting prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Empathy training and cooperative learning

Answer

Empathy training only

Answer

Cooperative learning only

Answer

Neither empathy training nor cooperative learning

Question 3

Which psychological factors contribute to group polarization, and what are their potential consequences?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance: Individuals adjust their beliefs to align with the group's position to reduce discomfort.

Accepted Answer

Groupthink: Members suppress dissenting opinions to maintain group harmony, leading to flawed decision-making.

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory: Individuals seek to distinguish their group from others by adopting more extreme positions.

Answer

Information exchange: Exposure to diverse perspectives within a group fosters more moderate views.

Question 4

Examine the dynamic interplay between social norms, social sanctions, and social rewards in shaping individual behavior within social groups.

Accepted Answer

The interplay between social norms, sanctions, and rewards forms a dynamic system that influences and regulates individual behavior within social groups.

Answer

Social norms are solely enforced through negative consequences, such as punishments or social disapproval.

Answer

Social rewards are only effective in promoting behavior that aligns with established social norms.

Question 5

Which strategy is most effective in promoting diversity and inclusion in social groups?

Accepted Answer

Clear policies and procedures to address discrimination and bias

Answer

Mandatory diversity training for all group members

Answer

Increased representation of diverse groups without addressing underlying biases

Question 6

How do social relationships change as we age?  Consider the different types of relationships and their impact on well-being.

Accepted Answer

The types of relationships we have change as we age, reflecting our changing needs.

Answer

Social relationships stay the same throughout adulthood.

Answer

The importance of social relationships for well-being is the same at all ages.

Question 7

Which is a key advantage of using an experimental design in social psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Provides strong control over variables, enabling researchers to establish causal relationships.

Answer

Ensures high external validity, making findings applicable to real-world situations.

Answer

Requires less time and effort to conduct than other research methods.

Answer

Eliminates experimenter bias, guaranteeing objectivity in data collection.

Question 8

Culture profoundly shapes our social perceptions. Explain how cultural values and norms influence our understanding of others and the world around us.

Accepted Answer

Culture significantly influences both our perceptions and judgments, shaping how we categorize and interpret information, and evaluate others' behaviors and intentions.

Answer

Culture has no impact on our social perceptions or judgments.

Answer

Cultural values and norms significantly influence our judgments but have minimal impact on our perceptions.

Answer

Cultural values and norms have no bearing on our perceptions or judgments because globalization has homogenized our worldviews.

Question 9

How does socioeconomic status influence our values, beliefs, and behaviors throughout our lives?

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status influences our values, beliefs, and behaviors from childhood to adulthood.

Answer

Socioeconomic status has no impact on our values, beliefs, or behaviors.

Answer

Socioeconomic status only impacts our values and beliefs, not our behaviors.

Answer

Socioeconomic status only impacts our behaviors, not our values or beliefs.

Question 10

Social norms are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Implicit guidelines that shape behavior within a society

Answer

Explicit rules enforced by authority figures

Answer

Personal values that guide individual actions

Answer

Random expectations that vary across cultures

Question 11

Groupthink occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Group members strive for consensus and suppress dissenting opinions

Answer

Group members actively challenge each other's views

Answer

Group members prioritize individual decision-making

Answer

Group members are highly critical of the group's performance

Question 12

According to social identity theory, individuals:

Accepted Answer

Define their self-concept based on their group memberships

Answer

Are motivated to achieve a positive self-image

Answer

Seek to avoid negative social interactions

Answer

Strive for individual success and autonomy

Question 13

Which researcher is known for their work on the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

Darley and Latane

Answer

Stanley Milgram

Answer

Solomon Asch

Answer

Leon Festinger

Question 14

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

Changes in behavior due to being observed or participating in research

Answer

The placebo effect in medical research

Answer

The tendency for groups to become more productive over time

Answer

The influence of social norms on behavior

Question 15

How does social facilitation impact group performance?

Accepted Answer

Enhances performance on familiar and straightforward tasks

Answer

Diminishes performance on complex and challenging tasks

Answer

Has no discernible effect on performance

Answer

Always leads to improved performance

Question 16

How does prejudice manifest in interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Creates obstacles in communication and trust-building

Answer

Fosters positive and harmonious interactions

Answer

Has no impact on interpersonal relationships

Answer

Always leads to conflicts and tension

Question 17

How does attribution theory aid in comprehending social behavior?

Accepted Answer

Provides insight into how individuals interpret and make sense of others' actions

Answer

Predicts how individuals will behave in specific situations

Answer

Offers explanations for the causes of mental health conditions

Answer

Has no practical applications in the field of social psychology

Question 18

Which of the following is a key social norm within the United States?

Accepted Answer

Individualism

Answer

Collectivism

Answer

Hierarchy

Answer

Respect for authority

Question 19

According to social identity theory, individuals are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Identify with groups that they perceive as similar to themselves

Answer

Identify with groups that they perceive as different from themselves

Answer

Reject all group affiliations

Answer

Identify equally with all groups

Question 20

The tendency to align one's own beliefs and behaviors with those of a group is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Groupthink

Question 21

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which of the following is more likely to result in long-lasting attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Processing information deeply and thoughtfully

Answer

Processing information superficially and without much effort

Answer

Neither deep nor superficial processing

Answer

Both deep and superficial processing

Question 22

In which stage of the group development process do groups typically experience conflict and disagreement?

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Question 23

The process by which individuals learn to behave in ways that are consistent with societal expectations for their gender is known as:

Accepted Answer

Gender socialization

Answer

Gender identity formation

Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Cognitive development

Question 24

Which of the following is a key determinant of social norms?

Accepted Answer

Cultural values and beliefs

Answer

Individual preferences

Answer

Economic disparities

Answer

Political ideologies

Question 25

Groupthink is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Group members suppressing dissenting opinions to maintain harmony

Answer

Group members engaging in critical evaluation of diverse perspectives

Answer

Group leaders promoting individual autonomy and open debate

Answer

Group members prioritizing personal goals over group objectives

Question 26

A defining feature of strong social bonds is:

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity, trust, and emotional support

Answer

Minimal conflict and disagreement

Answer

Sporadic interactions and limited emotional intimacy

Answer

Self-serving motivations and absence of shared goals

Question 27

Social loafing refers to:

Accepted Answer

Individuals reducing their effort when working in groups

Answer

Individuals enhancing their effort when working in groups

Answer

Leaders assuming a disproportionate share of the workload

Answer

Group members actively competing for rewards

Question 28

The social identity theory emphasizes that:

Accepted Answer

Our sense of self is shaped by our membership in social groups

Answer

Our behavior is primarily influenced by our perceptions of how others perceive us

Answer

Our social status has no bearing on our psychological well-being

Answer

Cultural background is the sole determinant of our social identity

Question 29

In the context of intergroup conflict, prejudice refers to:

Accepted Answer

Negative attitudes and stereotypes held against a particular group

Answer

Discriminatory behavior based on physical characteristics

Answer

Competition for resources and power between groups

Answer

Fear of foreigners and unfamiliar cultures

Question 30

The bystander effect is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Decreased likelihood of helping when others are present

Answer

Increased likelihood of helping when others are present

Answer

Bystanders prioritizing personal safety over the needs of others

Answer

Bystanders exaggerating the severity of an emergency

Question 31

The Asch conformity study primarily demonstrated the power of social influence on:

Accepted Answer

Behaviors

Answer

Beliefs

Answer

Attitudes

Answer

Perceptions

Question 32

The process by which individuals adopt the attitudes and behaviors of others, often without conscious awareness, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Accommodation

Question 33

The tendency for individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Halo effect

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon known as group polarization?

Accepted Answer

Groups tend to adopt more extreme positions than their individual members

Answer

Groups are more likely to agree with the majority opinion

Answer

Groups are more creative than individuals

Answer

Groups are more efficient at problem-solving

Question 35

The tendency for individuals to align their beliefs and behaviors with group expectations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of social support?

Accepted Answer

Decreased self-esteem

Answer

Reduced stress levels

Answer

Improved physical health outcomes

Answer

Enhanced sense of well-being

Question 37

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the development of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Cultural awareness

Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Competition for resources

Question 38

According to social identity theory, an individual's self-concept is defined by:

Accepted Answer

Their membership in social groups

Answer

Their unique personality traits

Answer

Their past experiences

Answer

Their biological characteristics

Question 39

Which of the following is a characteristic of a groupthink situation?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of dissenting opinions

Answer

Emphasis on critical thinking

Answer

Consideration of multiple perspectives

Answer

Open communication

Question 40

The bystander effect is most likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

There are a large number of witnesses

Answer

The emergency is life-threatening

Answer

The victim is a close friend

Answer

The witnesses are personally responsible

Question 41

Elaborate on the role of social comparison in shaping self-esteem and overall well-being. Discuss the impact of both upward and downward comparisons and provide practical strategies for fostering healthy and beneficial self-comparisons.

Accepted Answer

Downward social comparisons can positively influence self-esteem, while upward social comparisons can negatively affect it.

Accepted Answer

Effective strategies for cultivating healthy self-comparisons include focusing on personal development and minimizing social media engagement.

Answer

Social comparison always has detrimental effects on self-esteem and well-being.

Answer

Social comparison is a cognitive process that lacks any emotional components.

Question 42

How do cognitive factors (e.g., heuristics and biases) and social factors (e.g., social norms and group influence) interact to shape individual decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive and social factors engage in a dynamic interplay, influencing each other and ultimately shaping individual decision-making.

Answer

Cognitive and social factors operate independently, with minimal to no connection or impact on each other.

Answer

Social factors have a dominant influence on decision-making, overshadowing cognitive factors.

Answer

Cognitive factors, such as heuristics and biases, directly influence social factors, which then shape individual decision-making.

Question 43

Which of the following is a limitation of naturalistic observation as a data collection method in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

It is challenging to control for external variables.

Answer

The findings cannot be generalized to other populations.

Answer

A large sample size is required.

Answer

Rare behaviors cannot be observed.

Question 44

How does sleep deprivation impact social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Reduced empathy

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving

Answer

Increased social engagement

Answer

Improved communication

Question 45

Examine the origins and influential factors that contribute to the development of prejudice and discrimination in children. Discuss effective interventions that can be implemented to reduce these attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Effective interventions to reduce prejudice in children include promoting exposure to diverse peers and fostering critical thinking skills.

Answer

Prejudice and discrimination are primarily learned through direct experiences of discrimination.

Answer

Prejudice is an innate, unchangeable trait.

Answer

Socialization plays no role in the development of prejudice and discrimination.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences social conformity?

Accepted Answer

Individual's personality

Answer

Group size

Answer

Ambiguity of the situation

Answer

Cohesiveness of the group

Question 47

Which leadership style is most effective in boosting team productivity and innovation, considering factors like task focus, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Democratic Leadership

Answer

Autocratic Leadership

Answer

Laissez-faire Leadership

Answer

Transactional Leadership

Question 48

Which fundamental principle underlies social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social context exerts a significant influence on individuals' behavior.

Answer

Individual personality traits exclusively dictate social behavior.

Answer

Social factors have no meaningful impact on human cognition.

Question 49

According to the bystander effect, individuals in the presence of others are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Refrain from offering assistance.

Answer

Provide immediate assistance.

Answer

Seek help from a nearby authority figure.

Question 50

Which scenario best exemplifies cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing to smoke despite being aware of its adverse health effects.

Answer

Adopting the beliefs of a group to fit in.

Answer

Feeling remorse after deceiving a close friend.

Answer

Maintaining a regular exercise routine for overall wellness.

Question 51

Which factor is a robust predictor of the development of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Categorizing people into social groups and perceiving out-groups as homogeneous.

Answer

Having positive intergroup contact and personal experiences.

Answer

Exhibiting empathy and tolerance.

Answer

Possessing high levels of self-esteem.

Question 52

Which leadership style emphasizes shared decision-making and empowering team members?

Accepted Answer

Democratic

Answer

Transactional

Answer

Autocratic

Answer

Laissez-faire

Question 53

According to social identity theory, what is a key benefit of belonging to a positively perceived group?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced self-esteem and a strong sense of positive group identity.

Answer

Reduced prejudice towards out-groups.

Answer

Diminished personal responsibility.

Answer

Increased conflict and competition with other groups.

Question 54

Which famous experiment is associated with the study of conformity?

Accepted Answer

Asch's line judgment experiment

Answer

Milgram's obedience experiment

Answer

Festinger's cognitive dissonance study

Answer

Bandura's bobo doll experiment

Question 55

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of dissenting opinions and defective decision-making.

Answer

Enhanced group cohesion and camaraderie.

Answer

Increased individual accountability.

Answer

Greater creativity and innovation.

Question 56

Prosocial behavior is characterized by which key features?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary actions intended to benefit others without personal gain.

Answer

Egoistic actions motivated solely by self-interest.

Answer

Instrumental actions aimed at obtaining rewards.

Answer

Normative actions driven primarily by social expectations.

Question 57

According to attribution theory, which type of attribution assigns a person's behavior to their enduring personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Dispositional attribution

Answer

Random attribution

Answer

Situational attribution

Question 58

Which of the following is a core concept in social psychology, studied in the field that examines the influence of social factors on human behavior and group dynamics?

Accepted Answer

Social norms

Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Quantum mechanics

Question 59

Which factor is strongly linked to the development of prejudice, as studied in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Lack of contact with minority groups

Answer

Strong religious beliefs

Answer

High self-esteem

Answer

Positive intergroup attitudes

Question 60

In social psychology, the process by which people assign their own thoughts and emotions to others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social projection

Answer

Transference

Answer

Empathy

Answer

Countertransference

Question 61

Which of the following describes a cognitive bias where individuals overestimate the probability of uncommon events?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Framing effect

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 62

Within social psychology, the term 'social identity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The perception of oneself as a member of a social group

Answer

A person's genetic makeup

Answer

A person's personality traits

Question 63

Which theory in social psychology proposes that aggression is a reaction to frustration?

Accepted Answer

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Cognitive theory

Answer

Evolutionary theory

Question 64

The 'bystander effect' in social psychology describes the phenomenon where:

Accepted Answer

Individuals are less likely to assist in an emergency situation when others are present

Answer

Individuals are more likely to help in large groups

Answer

Individuals are more likely to help when they have a personal connection to the person in need