End-of-Life Care: Psychology, Ethics, and Nursing

Question 1

In end-of-life care, which ethical principle prioritizes honoring patients' decisions, even if healthcare professionals have differing opinions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 2

In end-of-life care, which ethical principle is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Respecting the patient's wishes

Answer

Maximizing benefits for the patient

Answer

Ensuring fairness and equality

Answer

Preventing harm to the patient

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a core principle of ethical end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

安乐死

Answer

尊重患者自主权

Answer

禁止遗弃

Answer

行善

Question 4

What is the main purpose of an advance directive?

Accepted Answer

To empower patients to make informed decisions about their end-of-life care

Answer

To shield healthcare providers from legal consequences

Answer

To ensure access to every possible medical treatment

Answer

To lessen the emotional burden on family members

Question 5

When discussing end-of-life options with patients, what is the preferred approach?

Accepted Answer

Providing information and supporting the patient's independent decision-making

Answer

Directing the patient towards a specific decision

Answer

Avoiding conversations about death and dying

Answer

Relying solely on family members for decision-making

Question 6

How can healthcare professionals best support patients and families coping with end-of-life issues?

Accepted Answer

Providing clear and honest information

Answer

Downplaying the seriousness of the situation

Answer

Avoiding discussions about death and dying

Answer

Focusing solely on medical interventions

Question 7

What is the main objective of palliative care?

Accepted Answer

Providing comfort and symptom management to enhance quality of life

Answer

Curing terminal illnesses through aggressive treatment

Answer

Assuming complete control over medical care and decision-making for the patient

Answer

Offering only spiritual and emotional support to the patient

Question 8

Ethical and legal considerations play a significant role in end-of-life care. Which of the following actions is considered unethical in the context of end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Withholding pain medication from a terminally ill patient

Answer

Providing information about assisted dying options

Answer

Respecting the patient's right to refuse life-sustaining treatment

Answer

Discussing end-of-life care plans with the patient's family

Question 9

In end-of-life care, which action is essential to respect diverse cultural and spiritual beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Consulting with spiritual leaders and community representatives

Answer

Prioritizing the patient's wishes over their family's

Answer

Assuming all patients have similar end-of-life preferences

Answer

Relying solely on the patient's medical history for decision-making

Question 10

A patient with end-stage cancer and the ability to continue treatment requests to end their life. Which ethical principle should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 11

In end-of-life care, which communication approach promotes shared understanding and teamwork among patients, families, and healthcare professionals?

Accepted Answer

Listening actively, asking for feedback, and showing empathy

Answer

Using medical terms and abbreviations

Answer

Cutting off and dismissing concerns

Answer

Keeping a strictly professional distance

Question 12

In end-of-life care, respecting patient autonomy is paramount. Which of the following best describes this concept?

Accepted Answer

Providing patients with comprehensive information about their condition and treatment options to empower them to make informed decisions.

Answer

Giving patients the right to make all decisions, regardless of their capacity to do so.

Answer

Ensuring that patients are involved in all conversations about their care, but ultimately deferring to the healthcare team's recommendations.

Answer

Allowing patients to refuse all medical interventions, even if they are in their best interests.

Question 13

Which of the following is a fundamental ethical principle in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Respecting patient autonomy

Answer

Preserving life at any cost

Answer

Protecting healthcare providers' personal beliefs

Answer

Ensuring the patient receives the most expensive treatment

Question 14

Which of the following is a common psychological challenge experienced by patients facing end-of-life issues?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety and depression

Answer

Euphoria and denial

Answer

Narcissism and self-pity

Answer

Hypomania and hallucinations

Question 15

When communicating with patients and families about end-of-life care, which of the following techniques is considered effective?

Accepted Answer

Actively listening and acknowledging their emotions

Answer

Employing medical jargon to convey technical information

Answer

Avoiding discussions about the patient's prognosis

Answer

Interrupting patients when they express concerns

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary role of healthcare professionals in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Providing medical treatment and palliative care

Answer

Making unilateral decisions about the patient's care

Answer

Ignoring the patient's spiritual and emotional needs

Answer

Overriding the patient's wishes if they conflict with medical advice

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended coping mechanism for individuals dealing with the grief and loss associated with end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Joining support groups and connecting with others

Answer

Suppressing emotions and avoiding reminders of the loss

Answer

Blaming oneself or others for the patient's death

Answer

Denying the reality of the loss

Question 18

According to legal guidelines in the United States, who has the primary decision-making authority regarding a patient's end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

The patient, if they possess decision-making capacity

Answer

The patient's family

Answer

The healthcare provider

Answer

The court

Question 19

Which of the following actions exemplifies the ethical principle of non-maleficence in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Administering pain medication to alleviate the patient's suffering

Answer

Withdrawing life-sustaining treatment without the patient's consent

Answer

Prescribing medications that may shorten the patient's life

Answer

Providing false hope to the patient about their prognosis

Question 20

Which of the following is a key aspect of providing holistic end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Addressing the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs

Answer

Focusing solely on medical interventions

Answer

Ignoring the needs of the patient's family

Answer

Rushing the decision-making process

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Preservation of life at all costs

Answer

Respect for patient autonomy

Answer

Relief of suffering

Answer

Informed decision-making

Question 22

When providing end-of-life care, it is important to:

Accepted Answer

Address the patient's physical, psychological, and spiritual needs

Answer

Focus solely on medical treatments

Answer

Leave decision-making to the family

Answer

Avoid discussing sensitive topics like death and dying

Question 23

Which coping mechanism involves coming to terms with impending death?

Accepted Answer

Acceptance

Answer

Regression

Answer

Projection

Answer

Displacement

Question 24

Which skill is crucial for nurses providing end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Active listening and empathetic communication

Answer

Advanced medical and technical expertise

Answer

Exceptional critical thinking abilities

Answer

Exceptional organizational skills

Question 25

What is the recommended approach for communicating sensitive information to patients in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Be direct, honest, and compassionate

Answer

Use complex medical jargon and technical terms

Answer

Avoid discussing the patient's prognosis

Answer

Offer false hope or unrealistic assurances

Question 26

What is an essential component of effective communication during end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Empathetically listening and using clear language

Answer

Utilizing medical jargon to ensure clarity

Answer

Interrupting the patient to maintain control of the conversation

Answer

Focusing solely on the patient's medical condition

Question 27

Which of the following is a recommended coping mechanism for healthcare professionals managing the emotional challenges of end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Seeking peer support and engaging in self-care practices

Answer

Isolating themselves from colleagues and patients

Answer

Suppressing their emotions to maintain a professional demeanor

Answer

Avoiding discussions about their experiences to protect their mental health

Question 28

In decision-making about end-of-life care, what should be the primary focus of the nurse's role?

Accepted Answer

Advocating for the patient's wishes and values

Answer

Directing the decision-making process based on medical expertise

Answer

Educating the patient and family about their options

Answer

Making decisions on behalf of the patient to ensure the best outcome

Question 29

Which of the following psychological challenges commonly affects patients facing end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety, depression, and spiritual distress

Answer

Euphoria and a sense of liberation

Answer

Apathy and lack of interest in life

Answer

Heightened feelings of optimism and hope

Question 30

What is the overarching goal of palliative care in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

To relieve pain, suffering, and other distressing symptoms

Answer

To cure the patient's underlying condition

Answer

To prolong the patient's life expectancy

Answer

To provide emotional and spiritual support to the patient's family

Question 31

Which legal document allows an individual to express their preferences regarding end-of-life care in advance?

Accepted Answer

Living will or advance directive

Answer

Will

Answer

Power of attorney

Answer

Medical release form

Question 32

When discussing end-of-life care with patients, which of the following is a key consideration?

Accepted Answer

Respecting the patient's cultural and spiritual beliefs

Answer

Prioritizing efficiency and brevity in conversations

Answer

Focusing primarily on medical information and treatment options

Answer

Avoiding discussions about death and dying to protect the patient's emotions

Question 33

What is a potential advantage of advance care planning for patients facing end-of-life situations?

Accepted Answer

Reducing uncertainty and anxiety about future care

Answer

Guaranteeing that their wishes will be carried out exactly as planned

Answer

Eliminating the need for ongoing communication with healthcare providers

Answer

Preventing conflicts among family members about the patient's care

Question 34

What is the primary function of an interdisciplinary team in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate care plans and facilitate communication among team members

Answer

To provide a range of specialized medical interventions

Answer

To make decisions about the patient's care without consulting the patient or family

Answer

To focus solely on the patient's physical needs, excluding emotional and spiritual support

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an effective communication strategy for healthcare professionals in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding difficult conversations or topics

Answer

Using clear and simple language

Answer

Asking open-ended questions to encourage patient expression

Answer

Respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their care

Question 36

What is the primary responsibility of a healthcare professional in end-of-life care?

Accepted Answer

Providing support and guidance

Answer

Making decisions for the patient

Answer

Providing solely medical treatment

Answer

Prolonging the patient's life by any means

Question 37

What is the most appropriate response to a patient expressing a desire to die?

Accepted Answer

Discuss the patient's concerns and explore other options

Answer

Ignore the request and focus on medical interventions

Answer

Immediately contact the physician

Answer

Tell the patient that it is not possible to die with dignity

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a key ethical issue considered in end-of-life care decisions?

Accepted Answer

Cost-effectiveness of care

Answer

Respect for patient autonomy

Answer

Balancing patient comfort with curative treatments

Answer

Impact on family and loved ones

Question 39

When communicating with patients facing end-of-life, it is essential to:

Accepted Answer

Be open and honest about the situation while respecting their emotional state

Answer

Use euphemisms and avoid direct language

Answer

Focus solely on positive aspects and minimize the seriousness

Answer

Wait until the patient's family is present to discuss treatment options

Question 40

Which of the following is a common coping mechanism employed by families facing a loved one's end-of-life journey?

Accepted Answer

Seeking support from family and friends

Answer

Isolating themselves from social interactions

Answer

Engaging in self-destructive behaviors

Answer

Denying the reality of the situation

Question 41

Euthanasia is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Intentionally ending a patient's life to alleviate suffering

Answer

Providing palliative care to a patient approaching the end of life

Answer

Withdrawing life-sustaining treatments with the patient's consent

Answer

Discontinuing all medical interventions against the patient's wishes