Neurological Pathophysiology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which factor is associated with a decreased risk of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Genetics

Question 2

A 75-year-old patient presents with sudden right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Seizure disorder

Question 3

What is the primary cause of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of blood flow to the brain

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Hemorrhage

Answer

Immediate fatality

Question 4

What is the most common initial symptom of a stroke (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Trouble breathing

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Fever

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke?

Accepted Answer

Aneurysm

Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 6

Which type of stroke is the most common?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Global cerebral ischemia

Question 7

A 65-year-old patient arrives at the emergency room with sudden right-sided weakness and difficulty speaking. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Answer

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 8

A patient arrives at the emergency room with a sudden, severe headache, numbness on their right side, and trouble speaking. Which condition is most likely causing these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Answer

Migraine

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Meningitis

Question 9

Which neurological deficit is a common symptom of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

Aphasia

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Bradycardia

Question 10

Which of the following is a protective factor against stroke, as supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Poor diet

Question 11

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Accepted Answer

It may serve as a warning sign of a future stroke.

Answer

It persists for more than 24 hours.

Answer

It always results in permanent neurological damage.

Answer

It requires immediate treatment with thrombolytic therapy.

Question 12

What is a common symptom of a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

Accepted Answer

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Difficulty breathing

Answer

Loss of consciousness

Answer

Persistent headache

Question 13

Regarding stroke pathophysiology, which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) involves a temporary loss of blood flow to the brain, usually lasting under 24 hours.

Answer

Stroke only occurs due to brain hemorrhage.

Answer

Hemorrhagic strokes are more common than ischemic strokes.

Answer

Strokes only affect people over 65 years old.

Question 14

Which of the following is a protective factor against stroke?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Uncontrolled hypertension

Question 15

In the United States, which type of stroke occurs most frequently?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Vertebrobasilar stroke

Question 16

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Question 17

Which of the following is a factor that can help protect against stroke?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Smoking

Question 18

Which type of stroke is most common?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke that you can change?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Smoking

Question 20

Which type of stroke occurs most frequently?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Silent stroke

Question 21

A 65-year-old patient arrives at the emergency room with sudden right-sided weakness, speech difficulty, and facial drooping. Which type of stroke is most likely based on these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

Question 22

Strokes are life-threatening emergencies. Which symptom is commonly reported in stroke patients?

Accepted Answer

Sudden, severe headache without a known cause

Answer

Nausea and vomiting without a gastrointestinal cause

Answer

Uncontrollable diarrhea

Answer

Widespread rash without an allergic or infectious trigger

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can be changed to reduce the risk of a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)?

Accepted Answer

Getting older

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Being overweight

Question 24

Which of the following is a protective factor against stroke?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Question 25

Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Question 26

Which symptom is a common indicator of brainstem stroke?

Accepted Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Hemiparesis

Answer

Aphasia

Answer

Homonymous hemianopia

Question 27

Which type of stroke is the most prevalent, accounting for around 87% of all stroke cases?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Global stroke

Question 28

What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke, a type of stroke caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Cardioembolism

Answer

Hemorrhage

Answer

Vasculitis

Question 29

Which of the following is a protective factor against stroke?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Smoking

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke?

Accepted Answer

High physical activity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Question 31

Which characteristic distinguishes a hemorrhagic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain

Answer

Blockage of a blood vessel in the brain

Answer

Always fatal outcome

Answer

Exclusively caused by hypertension

Question 32

What is the most prevalent type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 33

Which neuroimaging technique is most effective for quickly and accurately identifying brain hemorrhages or ischemia in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

CT scan

Answer

MRI scan

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET scan

Question 34

Which factor poses the greatest risk for developing Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Advanced age

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Tobacco use

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord infarction

Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 36

Which of the following is the primary risk factor for developing a stroke (cerebrovascular accident)?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Old age

Answer

Being female

Answer

High cholesterol

Question 37

What type of stroke is most common?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 38

Which type of stroke occurs most frequently?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 39

Which of the following is a major modifiable risk factor for stroke?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Normal cholesterol levels

Question 40

What is the defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain

Answer

Significant inflammation with numerous activated glial cells

Answer

Loss of neurons producing serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer

Extensive neural apoptosis

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a **Stroke**?

Accepted Answer

Gradual onset of symptoms over several days

Answer

Sudden onset of neurological symptoms

Answer

Focal neurological deficits, such as hemiparesis or aphasia

Answer

Potential for permanent neurological damage

Question 42

Which complications can arise from a spinal cord injury?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis

Accepted Answer

Sensory Disturbances

Accepted Answer

Bladder and Bowel Issues

Answer

Cognitive Impairment

Question 43

What are potential complications of spinal cord injury?

Accepted Answer

Chronic pain

Accepted Answer

Impaired mobility

Accepted Answer

Bowel and bladder incontinence

Answer

Cognitive impairment

Question 44

In Parkinson's disease, which neurotransmitter deficiency is primarily responsible for the progressive motor symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 45

In elderly patients, which type of stroke is most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 46

Which of the following is an immediate pathophysiological consequence of an acute ischemic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral infarction

Answer

Cerebral hemorrhage

Answer

Subdural hematoma

Answer

Epidural hematoma

Question 47

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption

Question 48

A patient arrives with sudden right-sided weakness and difficulty speaking. A brain CT scan shows bleeding in the left hemisphere. What type of stroke is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Ischemic stroke

Question 49

Which neurological disorder involves sudden, short-lived episodes of unconsciousness due to unusual electrical activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's Disease

Answer

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 50

Which of the following is a common trigger that can provoke seizures in individuals with epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

Stressful situations

Answer

Maintaining a consistent sleep-wake pattern

Answer

Staying well-hydrated

Question 51

Which neurotransmitter imbalance is the primary characteristic of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 52

A patient arrives at the emergency room with a head injury. Which symptom strongly suggests an epidural hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly declining level of consciousness

Answer

Dilated pupils on both sides

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Weakness on one side of the body

Question 53

What is the most prevalent type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 54

A patient suddenly experiences weakness on their right side and difficulty speaking. Which artery is most likely affected by a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Middle cerebral artery

Answer

Anterior cerebral artery

Answer

Posterior cerebral artery

Answer

Vertebral artery

Question 55

In Alzheimer's disease, which neurotransmitter plays a central role?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Question 56

Which factor is a strong predictor of poor functional outcomes after a spinal cord injury?

Accepted Answer

Complete loss of motor and sensory function below the level of injury

Answer

Early onset of spasticity

Answer

Female gender

Question 57

When caring for patients with neurological disorders, which ethical and legal consideration is paramount?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from patients or their legal guardians

Answer

Maintaining patient confidentiality

Answer

Involving patients' families in decision-making

Answer

Respecting patients' cultural and religious beliefs

Question 58

For detecting subtle structural abnormalities in the brain, which neuroimaging technique provides the highest spatial resolution?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Computed Tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan

Question 59

Which three factors pose the highest risk for cerebrovascular accidents (strokes)?

Accepted Answer

Age, hypertension, diabetes

Answer

Obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse

Answer

Cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia

Answer

Cancer, infection, trauma

Question 60

Which of the following represents the most recent innovation in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, approved for use in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Aducanumab (Aduhelm)

Answer

Donepezil (Aricept)

Answer

Memantine (Namenda)

Answer

Rivastigmine (Exelon)

Question 61

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 62

Which imaging modality is commonly used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer

Computed tomography

Answer

Electroencephalography

Answer

Positron emission tomography

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Seizure

Answer

Ischemic

Answer

Hemorrhagic

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 64

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA