Nutrition and Immune Function: Boost Your Immunity Through Diet

Question 1

What is NOT a primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Detecting and eliminating foreign substances

Answer

Maintaining internal balance

Answer

Protecting against infections

Question 2

Which macronutrient is vital for building antibodies and immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins

Question 3

Which type of nutrient deficiency is most likely to weaken the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Protein-energy malnutrition

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Iron deficiency

Answer

Calcium deficiency

Question 4

Which of the following food sources is NOT a rich source of beta-carotene?

Accepted Answer

Bananas

Answer

Carrots

Answer

Spinach

Answer

Sweet potatoes

Question 5

Which dietary approach is most beneficial for individuals with weakened immune systems?

Accepted Answer

A balanced diet with adequate protein and micronutrients

Answer

A high-calorie, low-protein diet

Answer

A low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet

Answer

A diet primarily consisting of processed foods

Question 6

During a fever, which nutrient is required in increased amounts?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins and minerals

Question 7

Which nutrient is vital for the development and functioning of T and B lymphocytes, crucial components of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Iron

Question 8

How does a deficiency in Vitamin D impact immune function?

Accepted Answer

Weakens the activity of neutrophils

Answer

Increases the production of cytokines

Answer

Enhances antibody response

Answer

Stimulates cellular immunity

Question 9

Which food is an excellent source of both prebiotics (nutrients that promote beneficial gut bacteria) and probiotics (live beneficial bacteria)?

Accepted Answer

Yogurt

Answer

Spinach

Answer

Salmon

Answer

Brown rice

Question 10

How can nutritional assessment tools effectively identify individuals at risk for immune dysfunction due to nutritional deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

Employing all of these assessment methods

Answer

Anthropometric measurements (e.g., body mass index)

Answer

Dietary questionnaires

Answer

Biochemical markers (e.g., serum nutrient levels)

Question 11

Which nutrient is essential for the production and function of immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Fiber

Question 12

Which dietary pattern has been associated with reduced inflammation and improved immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet

Answer

High-fat diet

Answer

Low-carbohydrate diet

Answer

Vegetarian diet

Question 13

What is the main function of B cells?

Accepted Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To engulf pathogens

Answer

To activate other immune cells

Answer

To release cytokines

Question 14

Which dietary supplement can support immune function by providing beneficial bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Probiotics

Answer

Glucosamine

Answer

Chondroitin

Answer

Prebiotics

Question 15

Which macronutrient is essential for preserving the integrity of immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Minerals

Question 16

How does vitamin D contribute to antimicrobial defense?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the production of antimicrobial peptides

Answer

Enhances the phagocytic activity of macrophages

Answer

Regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines

Answer

Provides structural support for immune cells

Question 17

Which dietary pattern has been linked to a reduced risk of chronic inflammatory diseases?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet

Answer

Paleolithic diet

Answer

Ketogenic diet

Answer

Vegetarian diet

Question 18

A diet consistently high in saturated fats has been associated with:

Accepted Answer

Increased levels of inflammation

Answer

Enhanced immune response

Answer

Reduced risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Improved cognitive function

Question 19

Which food group is typically a rich source of beta-carotene?

Accepted Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Meat and fish

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Legumes

Question 20

The inflammatory response is a crucial aspect of immune function. Which nutrient acts as an anti-inflammatory agent?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Cholesterol

Question 21

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with impaired immune function?

Accepted Answer

Regular moderate-intensity exercise

Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Chronic stress

Question 22

When assessing nutritional status in the context of immune function, which laboratory test is commonly used to measure vitamin C levels?

Accepted Answer

Plasma ascorbate concentration

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Serum ferritin

Answer

C-reactive protein

Question 23

Which nutrient is essential for the production and function of antibodies, a key component of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamins

Question 24

Which type of fatty acid has anti-inflammatory properties and supports immune cell function?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids

Answer

Trans fats

Answer

Saturated fats

Answer

Monounsaturated fats

Question 25

The Mediterranean Diet has been associated with a reduced risk of infectious diseases due to its high intake of:

Accepted Answer

Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Answer

Refined grains and processed foods

Answer

Meat and dairy products

Answer

Sugary drinks and unhealthy fats

Question 26

The following is a type of adaptive immune cell responsible for producing antibodies:

Accepted Answer

B cells, which produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Answer

Neutrophils, which are part of the innate immune system

Answer

Macrophages, which engulf and destroy foreign particles

Answer

Natural killer cells, which kill infected or cancerous cells

Question 27

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C, an important antioxidant that supports immune function?

Accepted Answer

Oranges, which are rich in vitamin C and other nutrients

Answer

Red meat, which is high in iron but not vitamin C

Answer

White bread, which is a processed food with limited nutritional value

Answer

Cheese, which is a good source of calcium but not vitamin C

Question 28

In the context of nutrition and immune function, the term 'immunonutrition' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The use of specific nutrients to enhance immune responses and improve health outcomes

Answer

The assessment of nutritional status in individuals with immune disorders to identify and address deficiencies

Answer

The role of diet in modulating inflammation and its impact on immune function

Answer

The study of the immune system's response to different food components and their effects on health

Question 29

Which of the following dietary interventions has been shown to improve immune function, particularly in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids, both of which have immune-supporting properties

Answer

A high-carbohydrate diet, which can provide energy for immune cell function

Answer

A low-fat diet, which may reduce inflammation and improve immune responses

Answer

A diet rich in processed foods, which typically contain high levels of unhealthy fats

Question 30

The Mediterranean diet has been associated with improved immune function primarily because it is rich in:

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants

Answer

Saturated fats

Answer

Refined carbohydrates

Answer

Processed meats

Question 31

Which of the following immune cells is responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens through phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

T-cells

Answer

B-cells

Question 32

Which of the following lifestyle factors can negatively impact immune function, making an individual more prone to illness?

Accepted Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

A balanced diet

Question 33

The thymus gland plays a critical role in the immune system by primarily:

Accepted Answer

Producing and maturing T-cells

Answer

Storing immune cells

Answer

Secreting antibodies

Answer

Fighting off infections

Question 34

Which of the following cytokines is involved in the inflammatory response, promoting the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Interleukin-4

Question 35

Which vitamin is essential for antibody production and the proper function of immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 36

A deficiency in which nutrient may result in impaired neutrophil phagocytosis and increased vulnerability to infections?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Iron

Question 37

Which dietary pattern has been associated with improved immune function and a lower risk of infections?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean Diet

Answer

Low-carbohydrate Diet

Answer

Vegetarian Diet

Answer

High-fat Diet

Question 38

How does protein intake influence immune function?

Accepted Answer

It provides amino acids necessary for the production and repair of immune cells.

Answer

It enhances vitamin and mineral absorption.

Answer

It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.

Question 39

Excessive supplementation with vitamin C may potentially lead to:

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal issues

Answer

Reduced risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Enhanced immune cell function

Answer

Increased iron absorption

Question 40

How does malnutrition affect the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It weakens the body's defenses, increasing the susceptibility to infections.

Answer

It reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.

Answer

It improves immune cell mobility and function.

Question 41

Which food group is a rich source of vitamin D, a crucial nutrient for immune health?

Accepted Answer

Fatty Fish

Answer

Leafy green vegetables

Answer

Citrus fruits

Answer

Legumes

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of an adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Inflammation

Question 43

How does the gut microbiome interact with the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It helps the immune system identify and respond to harmful microorganisms.

Answer

It provides essential nutrients for immune cell function.

Answer

It regulates the production of antibodies.