Nursing Across the Lifespan: A Comprehensive Guide for Nurses

Question 1

In Erikson's theory, which stage involves a conflict between industry and inferiority?

Accepted Answer

Childhood

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Toddlerhood

Answer

Adolescence

Question 2

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which of the following stages is primarily concerned with the establishment of a coherent personal identity?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Young adulthood

Answer

Middle adulthood

Question 3

Which technique involves assessing a client's motor, sensory, and cognitive functions during a neurological examination?

Accepted Answer

Neurological examination

Answer

Auscultation

Answer

Palpation

Answer

Percussion

Question 4

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and use deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Answer

Preoperational stage

Answer

Concrete operational stage

Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 5

A patient with schizophrenia is experiencing hallucinations. Which non-pharmacological nursing intervention is most appropriate to help the patient cope with these hallucinations?

Accepted Answer

Engage the patient in reality orientation techniques, such as discussing the present time and place.

Answer

Encourage the patient to ignore the hallucinations.

Answer

Administer antipsychotic medication as prescribed.

Answer

Restraint the patient to prevent harm.

Question 6

In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what primarily shapes an individual's development?

Accepted Answer

Personal experiences and interactions

Answer

Genetic makeup

Answer

Cognitive abilities

Answer

Moral beliefs

Question 7

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Piaget's concrete operational stage?

Accepted Answer

Abstract thinking

Answer

Logical reasoning

Answer

Mathematical understanding

Answer

Cause-and-effect comprehension

Question 8

According to Erikson's theory, which stage involves a conflict between the desire for close relationships and the fear of loneliness?

Accepted Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 9

According to Piaget's theory, which characteristic is most evident in children during the sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Ability to interact with surroundings through physical actions

Answer

Capacity for self-reflection and emotional awareness

Answer

Tendency to mimic observed behaviors

Answer

Skill in understanding and expressing emotions

Question 10

In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which concept is central?

Accepted Answer

Identity formation

Answer

Cognitive growth

Answer

Moral judgment

Answer

Physical changes

Question 11

According to Piaget's theory, which stage involves the ability to think abstractly and reason logically?

Accepted Answer

Formal Operational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete Operational

Question 12

When providing nursing care across the lifespan, which factor is a fundamental principle to consider?

Accepted Answer

Patient's age and developmental stage

Answer

Patient's medical condition only

Answer

Patient's family's preferences only

Answer

Hospital's protocols only

Question 13

According to Piaget's theory, which of these is a crucial developmental milestone for middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Hypothetical thinking

Answer

Egocentrism

Question 14

In Erikson's theory, which task is crucial for infants to develop a sense of trust?

Accepted Answer

Feeling secure and comforted

Answer

Gaining independence and self-control

Answer

Learning to speak and communicate

Answer

Exploring their surroundings and developing motor skills

Question 15

When assessing a 3-year-old child with a fever, which technique provides the most important information?

Accepted Answer

Measuring vital signs (temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure)

Answer

Inspecting the skin for rashes or lesions

Answer

Assessing cognitive abilities and developmental milestones

Answer

Palpating the abdomen for tenderness or masses

Question 16

In Piaget's theory, which stage marks the beginning of symbolic thinking and language use?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Concrete Operational

Answer

Formal Operational

Question 17

During the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, children develop the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Understand cause-and-effect relationships and perform concrete operations

Answer

Reason abstractly and hypothetically

Answer

Use language to express complex ideas and engage in abstract reasoning

Answer

Develop complex moral reasoning and ethical principles

Question 18

In Piaget's theory, which developmental milestone is associated with the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic play

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Deductive reasoning

Answer

Hypothetical thinking

Question 19

According to Erikson's theory, which of the following is a key feature of human development?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in distinct, sequential stages.

Answer

It is solely influenced by genetics.

Answer

It is a continuous, gradual process.

Answer

It is primarily shaped by environmental factors.

Question 20

In Erikson's theory, which task is the primary focus for toddlers?

Accepted Answer

Gaining independence

Answer

Developing language

Answer

Building attachments

Answer

Establishing self-identity

Question 21

In Erikson's theory, which stage involves the conflict between developing a sense of independence and feeling ashamed or doubtful?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Moral relativism

Answer

Ego integrity versus despair

Question 22

In Erikson's theory, during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, individuals primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Developing self-esteem and a sense of purpose

Answer

Establishing romantic relationships

Answer

Developing abstract thinking abilities

Answer

Establishing a moral compass

Question 23

In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what concept is crucial to understanding individuals' growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Resolving developmental challenges at each stage

Answer

Early childhood experiences shaping later development

Answer

Peers and social groups influencing identity formation

Question 24

What is the main objective of nursing care for elderly patients?

Accepted Answer

Maximize their functional abilities and independence, enabling an active and fulfilling lifestyle.

Answer

Eliminate all illnesses and diseases they may have.

Answer

Extend their life expectancy, regardless of their overall well-being.

Question 25

In Erikson's theory, which life stage marks a pivotal moment in shaping an individual's sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Adulthood

Answer

Romantic relationships

Question 26

In Erikson's theory, which developmental task is crucial for adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a sense of identity

Answer

Establishing intimate relationships

Answer

Developing advanced thinking skills

Answer

Building friendships

Question 27

In Piaget's theory, infants typically develop object permanence during which stage?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 28

Which stage is NOT part of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Animistic

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete Operational

Question 29

Which developmental theory emphasizes the importance of nurture in shaping a child's early development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory

Answer

Piaget's Cognitive Theory

Answer

Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory

Answer

Havighurst's Developmental Task Theory

Question 30

Which nursing action most effectively upholds a terminally ill patient's right to self-determination?

Accepted Answer

Supporting the patient's wishes even if family members disagree

Answer

Informing the patient's family about their condition without their consent

Answer

Administering medications as ordered without considering the patient's pain management preferences

Question 31

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which of the following is a key concept?

Accepted Answer

People go through specific developmental stages as they grow.

Accepted Answer

Successfully completing each developmental stage is crucial for good mental health.

Answer

Genes mainly control how a person develops.

Question 32

A patient with a non-healing wound visits the clinic. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized to manage this wound effectively?

Accepted Answer

Investigate and address the underlying cause of the delayed wound healing.

Answer

Change the wound dressing every 24 hours.

Answer

Apply a topical antibiotic cream to the wound.

Answer

Increase the frequency of wound irrigation.

Question 33

When a terminally ill patient requests to stop life-sustaining treatment, which ethical principle should the nurse prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Respect for patient autonomy

Answer

Providing benefit to the patient

Answer

Avoiding harm to the patient

Question 34

When caring for a patient experiencing postsurgical pain, what should be the nurse's immediate priority?

Accepted Answer

Administer pain medication as prescribed.

Answer

Provide a warm blanket.

Answer

Encourage walking.

Answer

Teach pain management techniques.

Question 35

According to Erikson's theory, individuals progress through distinct stages of development. Each stage is marked by a unique conflict. Which statement accurately reflects this principle?

Accepted Answer

Individuals progress through stages, each with a specific developmental conflict.

Answer

Development occurs continuously without distinct stages or conflicts.

Answer

Social interactions have no impact on development.

Answer

Biological factors solely determine developmental outcomes.

Question 36

According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is the central element in psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Successful resolution of developmental challenges at each stage

Answer

Conservation as a key cognitive ability

Answer

Importance of nurturing and supportive relationships

Question 37

In nursing practice across the lifespan, which ethical principle requires nurses to protect patient privacy and keep their health information confidential?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 38

According to Erikson's theory, which stage involves a struggle for independence while managing feelings of shame and doubt?

Accepted Answer

Toddlerhood

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Preschool

Answer

School age

Question 39

During Piaget's concrete operational stage, children develop the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Think logically using real objects.

Answer

Reason abstractly and imagine possibilities.

Answer

See things from others' perspectives.

Answer

Make moral judgments.

Question 40

Which cranial nerve is responsible for constricting the pupils during a neurological assessment?

Accepted Answer

Oculomotor (CN III)

Answer

Olfactory (CN I)

Answer

Optic (CN II)

Answer

Trochlear (CN IV)

Question 41

When admitting a patient to the hospital, which action is essential to ensure informed consent?

Accepted Answer

Explaining the procedure, risks, and benefits, answering questions, and ensuring a voluntary decision

Answer

Signing a consent form without providing an explanation or answering questions

Answer

Presenting a consent form and asking for a signature despite concerns or unanswered questions

Answer

Having a family member or legal guardian sign the consent form if the patient cannot make decisions

Question 42

Which developmental theory focuses specifically on the progression of moral reasoning throughout a person's life?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Answer

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

Answer

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 43

Which developmental theory focuses on the stages of moral reasoning and ethical value formation throughout an individual's life?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Answer

Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer

Havighurst's Theory of Developmental Tasks

Question 44

According to Piaget's theory, which stage marks the onset of logical thinking and abstract reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Formal Operational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete Operational

Question 45

During medication administration, what is the nurse's primary responsibility to ensure patient safety?

Accepted Answer

Verify the medication order for accuracy and completeness

Answer

Educate the patient about the medication's side effects

Answer

Review the patient's medical history for potential drug interactions

Question 46

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the key factor that drives individuals' progression and successful resolution of the eight stages?

Accepted Answer

Development of a positive self-concept through successful stage completion

Answer

Rigid adherence to a predetermined sequence

Answer

Potential for regression to earlier stages during challenges

Answer

Focus on the development of cognitive abilities

Question 47

When a patient with decision-making capacity declines potentially life-saving treatment, which ethical principle should guide the nurse's actions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy: Respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their own healthcare, even if the nurse disagrees with those decisions.

Answer

Beneficence: Acting solely in the patient's best interests, even if they disagree.

Answer

Paternalism: Overriding the patient's wishes and acting in their best interests as determined by the healthcare provider.

Question 48

In Piaget's sensorimotor stage, infants develop a crucial understanding. What concept do they grasp?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Symbolic thinking

Answer

Quantity conservation

Question 49

To promote healthy eating habits among adolescents, which nursing intervention is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Educating about nutrition and healthy food choices

Answer

Enforcing strict dietary restrictions and monitoring eating behaviors

Answer

Recommending adherence to popular diets

Answer

Advising avoidance of all processed foods

Question 50

In the context of end-of-life care, which ethical principle should guide the nurse's actions and decisions when a patient expresses a desire to discontinue life-sustaining medical interventions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy: Respect the patient's right to make decisions about their own healthcare.

Answer

Non-maleficence: Avoid causing harm to the patient.

Answer

Beneficence: Act in the patient's best interests.

Answer

Justice: Treat all patients fairly.

Question 51

Who proposed the cognitive development theory that features the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer

Robert Havighurst

Question 52

Which developmental theorist focused on the concept of identity crisis?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Robert Havighurst

Question 53

When planning nursing care for an adolescent patient, which factor is essential to consider?

Accepted Answer

Respecting their need for privacy and confidentiality

Answer

Prioritizing physical health concerns over emotional and social needs

Answer

Treating them with the same maturity expectations as adults

Answer

Ignoring their peers and focusing only on their relationship with parents

Question 54

Which principle should guide nursing interventions for patients across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Tailoring interventions to each patient's developmental stage and needs

Answer

Prioritizing physical needs over psychological and social well-being

Answer

Focusing solely on disease management and treatment

Answer

Ignoring cultural and socioeconomic factors that influence health

Question 55

Which health concern commonly affects teenagers?

Accepted Answer

Acne

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Heart disease

Question 56

Which theorist proposed the cognitive development theory that includes the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer

Robert Havighurst

Question 57

According to Erikson's theory, which stage of development involves a conflict between intimacy and isolation?

Accepted Answer

Young Adulthood

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Adolescence

Question 58

In Erik Erikson's theory, which concept is crucial for teenagers?

Accepted Answer

Identity formation

Answer

Caregiver attachment

Answer

Thinking skills

Answer

Moral values

Question 59

What is the primary role of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in healthcare delivery?

Accepted Answer

Providing comprehensive primary care in collaboration with other healthcare professionals

Answer

Providing specialized care for chronic conditions in hospital settings

Answer

Making medical diagnoses and prescribing medications independently

Answer

Providing end-of-life care and palliative services

Question 60

In crafting a nursing care plan for a patient with a developmental disability, which strategies should be prioritized to enhance their independence, socialization, and integration into the community?

Accepted Answer

Foster autonomy and responsibility by involving the patient in decision-making.

Accepted Answer

Promote social interaction and community engagement through organized activities and peer support.

Answer

Provide constant supervision and assistance to minimize potential risks.

Answer

Avoid using positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors, as it can foster dependency.

Question 61

Which nursing intervention is most effective in promoting language development in children aged three to five?

Accepted Answer

Encourage imaginative play and storytelling.

Answer

Recommend educational TV programs.

Answer

Use flashcards for vocabulary building.

Answer

Provide worksheets for letter and sound recognition.

Question 62

Which developmental theory emphasizes the profound impact of cultural factors on psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's Theory

Answer

Erikson's Theory

Answer

Piaget's Theory

Answer

Kohlberg's Theory

Question 63

Describe the core principles of family-centered care and provide practical examples of how nurses can incorporate these principles into their practice across the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Key principles of family-centered care include respecting family values, providing information and support, and fostering collaboration.

Answer

Family-centered care prioritizes the patient's needs, with limited family involvement.

Answer

Nurses should engage families only when the patient is a child or elderly.

Answer

Research suggests that family involvement has no significant impact on patient outcomes or satisfaction.

Question 64

To promote cultural humility and reduce health disparities in nursing care, which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Consulting with cultural experts and community leaders to gain insights into cultural practices and beliefs

Answer

Relying solely on personal experiences and assumptions about different cultures

Answer

Providing care based solely on the nurse's cultural background, regardless of the patient's culture