Muscles: Structure and Function - Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Question 1

Which muscle contraction type involves muscle shortening?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Auxotonic

Question 2

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds muscle bundles?

Accepted Answer

Perimysium

Answer

Endomysium

Answer

Epimysium

Question 3

What is the function of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

Detecting muscle tension

Answer

Sensing muscle length

Answer

Regulating muscle contraction

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Connective

Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Smooth

Question 5

Which of the following factors does NOT influence muscle strength?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Muscle size

Answer

Neural drive

Answer

Muscle fiber type

Question 6

Which muscle contraction results in shortening of the muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Concentric contraction

Answer

Isometric contraction

Answer

Eccentric contraction

Answer

Auxiliary contraction

Question 7

Identify the functional unit of a muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofilament

Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

When muscles rotate a bone around its longitudinal axis, which type of joint action occurs?

Accepted Answer

Rotation

Answer

Flexion

Answer

Extension

Answer

Abduction

Question 9

Identify the most common type of muscle injury.

Accepted Answer

Strain

Answer

Sprain

Answer

Fracture

Answer

Dislocation

Question 10

Which type of muscle is located in the walls of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Intermediate muscle

Question 11

What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Smooth

Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Involuntary

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary attachment point for a skeletal muscle to bone?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Answer

Ligament

Answer

Fascia

Answer

Nerve

Question 13

Which type of muscle action involves lengthening the muscle?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 14

What type of muscle fiber is characterized by slow twitch and high oxidative capacity?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type IIb

Question 15

Which of the following is a common muscle disorder characterized by progressive weakness and wasting?

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Tendonitis

Answer

Sciatica

Question 16

Which muscle fiber type exhibits slow twitch and high fatigue resistance?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the Golgi tendon organ in muscles?

Accepted Answer

Monitors muscle tension and length changes

Answer

Initiates muscle contraction

Answer

Stores calcium ions for muscle contraction

Answer

Transmits sensory information from the muscle to the brain

Question 18

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary actions like digestion and regulating heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Fibroblast cells

Question 19

What are the two protein filaments involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction called?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin

Answer

Collagen and elastin

Answer

Keratin and vimentin

Answer

Troponin and tropomyosin

Question 20

What is the primary role of motor neurons in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Transmit electrical impulses to muscle fibers

Answer

Synthesize muscle proteins

Answer

Store energy for muscle contraction

Answer

Remove waste products from muscle

Question 21

What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist muscle?

Accepted Answer

Agonists contract to produce movement; antagonists relax.

Answer

Agonists relax to produce movement; antagonists contract.

Answer

Both agonists and antagonists contract to produce movement.

Answer

Both agonists and antagonists relax to produce movement.

Question 22

How do actin and myosin filaments interact to cause skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, powered by ATP hydrolysis by myosin.

Answer

Myosin filaments slide past actin filaments, powered by ATP hydrolysis by actin.

Answer

Actin and myosin filaments pull towards each other, causing muscle shortening.

Question 23

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary contractions

Answer

Voluntary control

Answer

Striated appearance

Answer

Multinucleated fibers

Question 24

Classify the biceps brachii muscle based on its action:

Accepted Answer

Flexor

Answer

Extensor

Answer

Abductor

Answer

Adductor

Question 25

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 26

Identify the protein primarily responsible for muscle contraction's sliding filament mechanism:

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Answer

Actin

Answer

Tropomyosin

Answer

Troponin

Question 27

What term describes the innervation of a muscle fiber by a single motor neuron?

Accepted Answer

Motor unit

Answer

Synaptic cleft

Answer

Muscle spindle

Answer

Golgi tendon organ

Question 28

Which of the following muscle types exhibits voluntary control, striated appearance, and can be consciously activated?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 29

The origin of a muscle generally refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Attachment point on a stationary bone

Answer

Attachment point on a movable bone

Answer

Central region of the muscle

Answer

Insertion area

Question 30

Which of the following muscle actions involves the shortening of the muscle length?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Answer

Abduction

Answer

Adduction

Answer

Extension

Question 31

Actin filaments in muscle contraction primarily serve to:

Accepted Answer

Slide past myosin filaments

Answer

Bind to calcium ions

Answer

Produce ATP

Answer

Trigger muscle relaxation

Question 32

The neurotransmitter responsible for triggering muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 33

The sarcolemma of a muscle cell corresponds to the:

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Myofibril

Question 34

Which of the listed options is not a recognized type of skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Question 35

The recruitment of motor units during muscle contraction is typically governed by the principle of:

Accepted Answer

Size principle

Answer

Rate coding

Answer

Spatial summation

Answer

Temporal summation

Question 36

Involuntary muscle contractions are a characteristic feature of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Muscular dystrophy

Answer

Fibromyalgia

Question 37

The quadriceps femoris muscle group is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Extending the knee

Answer

Flexing the knee

Answer

Abducting the hip

Answer

Adducting the hip

Question 38

What is the name of the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Answer

Perimysium

Answer

Epimysium

Answer

Fascia

Question 39

Which type of muscle action reduces the angle between two bones?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isokinetic

Question 40

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the elbow joint?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Brachioradialis

Answer

Anconeus

Question 41

What is the process by which muscles regenerate damaged tissue?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Degeneration

Question 42

Which type of muscle attachment anchors a muscle to a bone through tough, fibrous connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Answer

Ligament

Answer

Aponeurosis

Answer

Fascicle

Question 43

Which muscle is the primary flexor of the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Soleus

Question 44

Which of the following is a primary function of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Generating movement

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Controlling blood glucose levels

Answer

Maintaining electrolyte balance

Question 45

Which of the following is not a primary function of muscles?

Accepted Answer

Transporting substances throughout the body

Answer

Generating force and movement

Answer

Maintaining body temperature

Answer

Storing and releasing energy

Question 46

The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for involuntary movements, such as those of the digestive system, is:

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Voluntary muscle

Question 47

Which protein plays a crucial role in the contraction of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Answer

Actin

Answer

Troponin

Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 48

The site where motor neurons communicate with muscle fibers is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Neuromuscular junction

Answer

Myotendinous junction

Answer

Synaptic cleft

Answer

Axon terminal

Question 49

The point of attachment on a muscle that remains stationary during muscle contraction is called the:

Accepted Answer

Origin

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Belly

Answer

Tendon

Question 50

Which of the following is a primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Accepted Answer

Plantar flexing the foot

Answer

Flexing the knee

Answer

Extending the knee

Answer

Dorsiflexing the foot

Question 51

The muscle that counteracts the action of the biceps brachii during elbow flexion is the:

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Brachioradialis

Answer

Supinator

Answer

Pronator teres

Question 52

Which of the following muscle imbalances is often associated with lower back pain?

Accepted Answer

Weak abdominal muscles and tight hip flexors

Answer

Tight hamstrings and weak quadriceps

Answer

Overdeveloped chest muscles and weak back muscles

Answer

Strong glutes and weak hamstrings

Question 53

The process by which calcium ions trigger muscle contraction is known as:

Accepted Answer

Excitation-contraction coupling

Answer

Depolarization

Answer

Sliding filament theory

Answer

Muscle twitch