Race and Ethnicity: Understanding Social Construction and Inequality

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of race as a social construct?

Accepted Answer

Biologically determined

Answer

Based on physical attributes

Answer

Socially defined and dynamic

Answer

A system of social classification

Question 2

Which of these is an instance of ethnic discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping a group based on their cultural heritage

Answer

Denying employment due to race

Answer

Creating segregated communities

Answer

Using racial slurs

Question 3

What term describes the belief that one's own racial group is superior to others?

Accepted Answer

Racism

Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Sexism

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of racism?

Accepted Answer

Reverse racism, discrimination against white people.

Answer

Institutional racism, embedded in laws and policies.

Answer

Individual racism, exhibited through personal beliefs and behaviors.

Answer

Internalized racism, when people of color adopt negative stereotypes about their own racial group.

Question 5

Which term refers to the systematic and institutionalized discrimination directed toward a specific group of people based on their race or ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Racism

Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Ethnocentrism

Question 6

Which concept refers to the belief that one's own ethnic group is superior to all others?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Racism

Answer

Prejudice

Question 7

Which term describes the tendency for individuals within a racial or ethnic group to marry within their own group?

Accepted Answer

Endogamy

Answer

Exogamy

Answer

Hypergamy

Answer

Hypogamy

Question 8

Which term refers to the process by which immigrants adapt and integrate into a new society?

Accepted Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Integration

Answer

Multiculturalism

Question 9

In sociology, which concept emphasizes the fluidity and cultural basis of group identity?

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity as a dynamic cultural construct

Answer

Race as a fixed biological category

Answer

Racism and discrimination as inconsequential factors

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of race as a social construct?

Accepted Answer

It is immutable and fixed.

Answer

It is based on physical characteristics.

Answer

It is used to categorize and differentiate people.

Answer

It is socially significant.

Question 11

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is an action.

Answer

Discrimination is based on stereotypes, while prejudice is based on facts.

Answer

Prejudice is always negative, while discrimination can be positive.

Answer

Discrimination is illegal, while prejudice is not.

Question 12

How does a nurse demonstrate cultural sensitivity when caring for a patient from a different cultural background?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the patient to bring a family member or friend for support

Answer

Speaking loudly and clearly to ensure the patient understands

Answer

Assuming that the patient understands medical terminology without providing an explanation

Question 13

What is the term that describes the systematic discrimination against a particular racial or ethnic group?

Accepted Answer

Racism

Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Chauvinism

Question 14

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is a negative attitude, while discrimination is an action.

Answer

Discrimination is a negative action, while prejudice is a thought.

Answer

Prejudice is a belief, while discrimination is a feeling.

Answer

Discrimination is a choice, while prejudice is automatic.

Question 15

Which criticism most effectively challenges the functionalist perspective on race and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

It fails to comprehensively address the negative consequences of racial and ethnic stratification.

Accepted Answer

It overlooks the influence of power differentials and privilege in shaping racial and ethnic dynamics.

Answer

It assumes that racial and ethnic categories are inherently fixed and unchangeable.

Answer

It places undue emphasis on individual biases and prejudices in explaining racial and ethnic relations.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a key component of the socially constructed nature of race?

Accepted Answer

Genetic ancestry

Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Cultural practices

Answer

Historical experiences

Question 17

Which sociological theory suggests that race and ethnicity are social constructs shaped by interactions and institutions?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interaction theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Answer

Rational choice theory

Question 18

According to the social constructionist perspective, which of the following is a characteristic of race?

Accepted Answer

Race is a socially constructed category shaped by historical, cultural, and political factors.

Answer

Race is an objective, immutable biological category.

Answer

Race is determined solely by genetic makeup.

Answer

Race is inherent and unchanging.

Question 19

Which historical event significantly shaped the development of racial relations in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Civil War

Answer

American Revolution

Answer

World War II

Answer

Great Depression

Question 20

Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of power and domination in maintaining racial inequality?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Feminist theory

Question 21

Multiculturalism advocates for which approach to addressing racial inequality?

Accepted Answer

Diversity

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Segregation

Answer

Melting pot

Question 22

What is the sociological term for the process by which individuals learn about their racial and ethnic identities?

Accepted Answer

Racialization

Answer

Ethnogenesis

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 23

Which dimension is NOT considered a key factor in shaping racial and ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

Personal preferences

Answer

Physical characteristics

Answer

Cultural practices

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Question 24

The 'social construction of race' concept suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Race is a fluid and socially defined category.

Answer

Race is determined solely by biological factors.

Answer

Race is an immutable and inherent characteristic.

Answer

Race is irrelevant in shaping social experiences.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of racial discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Equal educational opportunities

Answer

Health disparities

Answer

Economic disadvantages

Answer

Psychological distress

Question 26

Intersectionality highlights the:

Accepted Answer

Overlapping and interconnected nature of multiple social identities.

Answer

Importance of focusing on a single aspect of identity at a time.

Answer

Uniformity of experiences faced by individuals from different backgrounds.

Answer

Irrelevance of other social categories when examining racial experiences.

Question 27

Which historical event played a significant role in shaping racial and ethnic identities in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The Civil War

Answer

The American Revolution

Answer

The Great Depression

Answer

World War II

Question 28

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Believe one's own culture is superior to others.

Answer

Embrace and appreciate diverse cultural perspectives.

Answer

Reject one's own cultural traditions.

Answer

Completely disregard the influence of culture on behavior.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a policy aimed at addressing racial and ethnic inequality?

Accepted Answer

School segregation

Answer

Affirmative action

Answer

Voting rights legislation

Answer

Equal Employment Opportunity Act

Question 30

The concept of white privilege describes:

Accepted Answer

The unearned advantages and benefits enjoyed by white individuals in society.

Answer

The belief that white people are inherently superior to non-white people.

Answer

The lack of opportunities and resources available to white individuals.

Answer

The assumption that white people are always wealthy and privileged.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of racial stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced self-confidence

Answer

Reduced academic performance

Answer

Increased anxiety and stress

Answer

Avoidance of certain situations or activities

Question 32

Which of the following is a potential limitation of relying solely on self-reflection to understand race and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to reinforce existing beliefs and assumptions

Answer

Increased awareness of personal biases

Answer

Improved ability to empathize with others

Answer

Reduced likelihood of engaging in discriminatory behavior

Question 33

Which strategy is most effective in challenging and dismantling racism?

Accepted Answer

Education and awareness

Answer

Silence and avoidance

Answer

Violence and retaliation

Question 34

Which factor is widely recognized as the historical foundation of racism in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The establishment of the transatlantic slave trade

Answer

The growth of industrialization

Answer

The Civil War

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the primary factor that shapes an individual's racial and ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

Social construction based on social and cultural factors

Answer

Economic status or geographic location

Answer

Biological characteristics, such as genetics or physical appearance

Answer

Political or religious affiliations

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of racial and ethnic inequality?

Accepted Answer

Improved health and well-being outcomes for marginalized groups

Answer

Lower educational attainment and reduced economic opportunities

Answer

Discrimination in housing and employment

Answer

Increased rates of poverty and unemployment

Question 37

Which of the following groups faced internment in camps during World War II in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Japanese Americans

Answer

African Americans

Answer

Mexican Americans

Answer

Native Americans

Question 38

In sociology, which concept refers to shared cultural practices and identity?

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity is a shared cultural identity.

Answer

Race is biologically determined.

Answer

Race and ethnicity are unrelated.

Answer

Race and ethnicity are fixed and unchanging.

Question 39

Which of the following is the best definition of race?

Accepted Answer

A social construct that assigns people to categories based on perceived physical characteristics

Answer

A biological category based on genetic differences

Answer

A cultural category based on shared language and customs

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a common form of racial discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Positive discrimination

Answer

Housing discrimination

Answer

Educational discrimination

Answer

Job discrimination

Question 41

Which of the following is a concept related to ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Shared cultural identity

Answer

Genetic makeup

Answer

Legal status

Answer

Physical appearance

Question 42

Which of the following is the best definition of race?

Accepted Answer

A social construct that assigns individuals to groups based on perceived physical characteristics

Answer

A personal identity that individuals create for themselves

Answer

A biological category based on genetic makeup

Question 43

What is the primary difference between race and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Race is based on physical characteristics, while ethnicity is based on cultural heritage

Answer

Race is only relevant in the United States, while ethnicity is global

Answer

Ethnicity is more important than race in determining social outcomes

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of racial inequality?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination in housing

Answer

Cultural diversity

Answer

Affirmative action policies

Answer

Interracial marriage

Question 45

What is the main consequence of racism?

Accepted Answer

Social division and conflict

Answer

Economic prosperity

Answer

Increased educational opportunities

Answer

Improved health outcomes

Question 46

Which of the following is a historical example of racial discrimination in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Jim Crow laws

Answer

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer

The Brown v. Board of Education decision

Question 47

What is the role of culture in shaping racial and ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

Culture provides a framework for interpreting and understanding race and ethnicity

Answer

Culture is only relevant to minority groups

Answer

Culture has no influence on racial and ethnic identity

Question 48

How does intersectionality help us understand the experiences of racial and ethnic groups?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes that individuals can experience multiple forms of oppression based on their race, ethnicity, gender, class, and other factors

Answer

Intersectionality is only relevant to women of color

Question 49

Which of the following is a best practice for promoting racial and ethnic equality?

Accepted Answer

Educating people about the history and impact of racism

Answer

Creating separate programs for racial and ethnic minorities

Answer

Ignoring race and ethnicity altogether

Question 50

What is the ethical responsibility of healthcare professionals in addressing racial and ethnic disparities in health?

Accepted Answer

To provide culturally competent care and advocate for health equity

Answer

To ignore racial and ethnic disparities in health

Answer

To only treat patients from their own racial or ethnic group

Question 51

How can we create a more inclusive and equitable society for all racial and ethnic groups?

Accepted Answer

By challenging racism and discrimination, promoting diversity, and advocating for social justice

Answer

By ignoring the issue of race and ethnicity

Answer

By separating people into different racial and ethnic groups