Infectious Diseases in Children: Learning Quizzes for Pediatric Nurses

Question 1

Which socioeconomic factor is strongly linked to a higher rate and severity of infectious diseases in children?

Accepted Answer

Poverty

Answer

Race

Answer

Education Level

Answer

Marital Status

Question 2

What is the causative agent of chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Virus (Varicella-Zoster Virus)

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungus

Answer

Parasite

Question 3

What is the approximate incubation period for mumps?

Accepted Answer

2-3 weeks

Answer

1-2 weeks

Answer

3-4 weeks

Answer

4-5 weeks

Question 4

What is the most common cause of febrile seizures in children?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection (e.g., common cold, influenza)

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Immunization

Answer

Trauma

Question 5

When determining the isolation precautions for a child with an infectious disease, the most important factor to consider is:

Accepted Answer

Mode of transmission

Answer

Age of the child

Answer

Severity of the illness

Answer

Type of healthcare facility

Question 6

A child presenting with fever, headache, and stiff neck may have contracted:

Accepted Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Encephalitis

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 7

What is the primary mode of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) transmission?

Accepted Answer

Droplet inhalation

Answer

Contact with infected surfaces

Answer

Fecal-oral route

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 8

What does the Hib vaccine target?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer

Varicella-zoster virus

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with measles. Which of the following interventions is most important to prevent the spread of the infection?

Accepted Answer

Isolating the child in a private room

Answer

Providing cool compresses to reduce fever

Answer

Administering oral antibiotics

Answer

Encouraging the child to drink plenty of fluids

Question 10

Which of the following vaccines is recommended for all children to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)?

Accepted Answer

Hib

Answer

DTaP

Answer

MMR

Answer

Tdap

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a child with suspected meningitis. Which of the following laboratory tests is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of measles?

Accepted Answer

Red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body

Answer

High fever

Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Runny nose and sneezing

Question 13

The recommended age for the first dose of MMR vaccination is:

Accepted Answer

18 months

Answer

12 months

Answer

24 months

Answer

30 months

Question 14

A child diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease should be isolated:

Accepted Answer

For 72 hours after the onset of symptoms, which is the period when the virus is most contagious

Answer

Until the fever subsides

Answer

Until the rash disappears

Answer

No isolation is necessary because hand, foot, and mouth disease is not easily spread

Question 15

In a pediatric healthcare setting, which nursing intervention is most effective in preventing the spread of infection?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Wearing gloves

Answer

Isolation of infected patients

Answer

Environmental cleaning

Question 16

What is herd immunity and how does it help prevent the spread of infectious diseases in children?

Accepted Answer

Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of a population is immune to a disease, making it less likely to spread.

Answer

Herd immunity is only effective in areas with high vaccination rates.

Answer

Herd immunity does not benefit vaccinated individuals.

Question 17

A characteristic symptom of measles is:

Accepted Answer

Fever and rash

Answer

Diarrhea and vomiting

Answer

Congestion and cough

Answer

Headache and fatigue

Question 18

The most effective way to prevent the spread of chickenpox is through:

Accepted Answer

Isolation of infected individuals

Answer

Administration of antibiotics

Answer

Frequent handwashing

Answer

Avoidance of contact with infected surfaces

Question 19

In suspected cases of pertussis, the primary diagnostic test involves:

Accepted Answer

Nasopharyngeal swab

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Urinalysis

Question 20

In infants, a sign suggestive of meningitis is:

Accepted Answer

Bulging fontanelle

Answer

Irritability

Answer

Fever

Answer

Vomiting

Question 21

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is primarily transmitted through:

Accepted Answer

Contact with respiratory droplets

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Answer

Inhalation of airborne particles

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 22

When administering antibiotics to a child with a bacterial infection, it is crucial to:

Accepted Answer

Complete the prescribed treatment course

Answer

Stop medication upon symptom improvement

Answer

Take medication with food to reduce stomach upset

Answer

Increase dosage if symptoms persist

Question 23

What is the recommended method to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children?

Accepted Answer

Frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals

Answer

Administering RSV immunoglobulin (RSV-IG) to all infants at birth

Answer

Administering antibiotics to all infants who have RSV

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of measles?

Accepted Answer

Slow heart rate

Answer

Fever

Answer

Conjunctivitis

Answer

Runny nose

Question 25

What virus causes mumps?

Accepted Answer

Paramyxovirus

Answer

Rubella virus

Answer

Chickenpox virus

Answer

Rotavirus

Question 26

What is the proper technique for collecting a nasal swab for influenza testing?

Accepted Answer

Rotating the swab in a circular motion

Answer

Gently touching the nasal lining

Answer

Inserting the swab deep into the nasal cavity

Answer

Applying pressure to the outside of the nose

Question 27

What is the typical incubation period for chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

10-21 days

Answer

7-10 days

Answer

21-28 days

Answer

More than 28 days

Question 28

Which isolation method is most appropriate for a child with a known or suspected highly contagious airborne disease?

Accepted Answer

Airborne isolation

Answer

Contact isolation

Answer

Droplet isolation

Answer

Protective isolation

Question 29

What is the recommended first-line antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer

Ampicillin

Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for developing sepsis in children?

Accepted Answer

Healthy immune system

Answer

Immunosuppression

Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Recent surgery

Question 31

What is the most common bacterial cause of meningitis in children under the age of 5?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 32

What is the primary mode of transmission for rotavirus?

Accepted Answer

Fecal-oral contact

Answer

Respiratory droplets

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 33

What is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 34

Which of the following are the classic clinical features of meningitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia

Answer

Runny nose, cough, and earache

Answer

Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Answer

Rash, itching, and swollen lymph nodes

Question 35

Which infection control practice is considered the foundation for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Standard Precautions

Answer

Contact Precautions

Answer

Airborne Precautions

Question 36

What is the primary mode of transmission for influenza?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 37

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes viral meningitis from bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Typically less severe and resolves spontaneously

Answer

Caused by a bacterial infection of the brain

Answer

Requires immediate antibiotic treatment

Answer

Can lead to permanent neurological damage

Question 38

What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Over-the-counter pain relievers

Answer

Increased fluid intake

Answer

Bed rest

Question 39

What is the typical incubation period for mumps?

Accepted Answer

14-18 days

Answer

1-2 months

Answer

3-4 weeks

Answer

2-3 days

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of measles?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Fever

Answer

Rash

Answer

Cough

Question 41

What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Bed rest

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Isolation

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of a contact isolation precaution?

Accepted Answer

Private room with dedicated bathroom

Answer

Droplet precautions

Answer

Airborne precautions

Answer

Negative pressure room

Question 43

What is the primary purpose of administering immune globulin (IG) for measles exposure?

Accepted Answer

To provide temporary immunity

Answer

To prevent complications

Answer

To boost active immunity

Answer

To treat symptoms

Question 44

Which of the following is an early sign of septic shock in children?

Accepted Answer

Cool, clammy skin

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Polyuria

Question 45

A child with a suspected case of pertussis should be placed in which type of isolation?

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions

Answer

Contact precautions

Answer

Airborne precautions

Question 46

A group of children at a daycare center show symptoms consistent with a viral infection. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Accepted Answer

Inform the parents of the children and recommend they stay home to prevent further spread.

Answer

Administer antibiotics to all the children.

Answer

Isolate the children in separate rooms.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a live-attenuated vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine

Answer

DTaP vaccine

Answer

Hepatitis B vaccine

Answer

Polio vaccine

Question 48

When educating parents about the influenza vaccine, which statement accurately describes its effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

The influenza vaccine can reduce the severity of symptoms and the risk of complications from influenza.

Answer

The influenza vaccine completely prevents influenza.

Question 49

A child presents with a high fever and a stiff neck, leading the nurse to suspect meningitis. What is the most important nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

Administer antibiotics as ordered and isolate the child to prevent further spread.

Answer

Provide comfort measures, such as cool compresses and pain medication.

Answer

Encourage fluids and monitor for dehydration.

Question 50

A 10-year-old child has recently recovered from strep throat. Which of the following is the most important instruction for the nurse to provide to the child's parents?

Accepted Answer

Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.

Answer

Avoid contact with other children for 2 weeks.

Answer

Administer ibuprofen for fever and pain.