Common Medications Used in Pediatrics: Quiz and Study Guide

Question 1

Which of the following medications is NOT routinely used for pain relief in children?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Morphine

Question 2

Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Methylphenidate

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Amoxicillin

Question 3

What is the appropriate oral dosage of acetaminophen for a 25 kg child?

Accepted Answer

10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4-6 hours

Answer

5-10 mg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours

Answer

15-20 mg/kg/dose every 2-4 hours

Answer

20-25 mg/kg/dose every 1-2 hours

Question 4

When are antibiotics indicated for use in children?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections

Answer

Viral infections

Answer

Fungal infections

Answer

Parasitic infections

Question 5

Which route of administration is most suitable for administering medications to infants?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Intravenous

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of using a spacer device when administering inhalers to children?

Accepted Answer

To increase the delivery of medication to the lungs

Answer

To reduce the risk of side effects

Answer

To make the medication taste better

Answer

To simplify the administration process

Question 7

For pediatric patients, which route of medication administration requires parental consent?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Rectal

Question 8

Which medication is the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations in children?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Cromolyn sodium

Question 9

Calculate the recommended dosage of acetaminophen for a 10-year-old child weighing 30 kg. The recommended dosage is 10-15 mg/kg/dose.

Accepted Answer

15 mg/kg/dose

Answer

10 mg/kg/dose

Answer

20 mg/kg/dose

Answer

25 mg/kg/dose

Question 10

What is the primary indication for using digoxin in children?

Accepted Answer

Congestive heart failure

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 11

Which of the following monitoring parameters is essential when administering vancomycin?

Accepted Answer

Peak and trough levels

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

Heart rate

Question 12

Which technique should be used to ensure accurate dosing when administering a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Using an oral syringe specifically designed for suspensions

Answer

Shaking the bottle vigorously

Answer

Drawing up the medication into the syringe with a small amount of air

Answer

Diluting the suspension in water before administration

Question 13

What is the primary mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Interfering with bacterial protein synthesis

Answer

Damaging bacterial cell membranes

Answer

Inhibiting bacterial DNA replication

Question 14

Which route of administration is most appropriate for medications that need to be absorbed quickly?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Intramuscular

Question 15

When assessing a child for potential medication interactions, the most important consideration is:

Accepted Answer

Current medications and supplements

Answer

Past medical history

Answer

Family history

Answer

Dietary habits

Question 16

When is it appropriate to use antipyretics in children with fever?

Accepted Answer

To prevent febrile seizures in children with a history of seizures, reduce discomfort, and improve sleep

Answer

To reduce fever only when it exceeds 101°F (38.3°C) to prevent febrile seizures

Answer

To treat all fevers in children under 2 years of age

Question 17

Which medication is commonly used to open airways and treat asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Codeine

Answer

Acetaminophen

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of albuterol in children?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Question 19

What is the primary mechanism of action of amoxicillin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Disruption of bacterial DNA synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following considerations is most important when administering medications to a child via a nasogastric tube?

Accepted Answer

Ensure the tube placement is verified before instillation

Answer

Dilute the medication to a volume of 20-30 mL

Answer

Administer the medication slowly over 5-10 minutes

Question 21

What is the most important factor to consider when choosing a route of medication administration for a child?

Accepted Answer

Medication formulation

Answer

Parent preference

Question 22

In a pediatric emergency, which route of medication administration offers the fastest onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 23

In pediatric patients, which adverse effect is most commonly associated with antibiotic administration?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting)

Answer

Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer

Hepatotoxicity (liver damage)

Answer

Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)

Question 24

Which medication is used as the initial treatment for acute otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Diphenhydramine

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of ibuprofen in children?

Accepted Answer

Drowsiness

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 26

What is the primary mechanism of action of albuterol sulfate in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Mucolysis

Answer

Anti-inflammatory

Answer

Anticholinergic

Question 27

Which nursing intervention is a priority when administering digoxin to a child?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Checking potassium levels

Answer

Assessing for fluid overload

Answer

Observing for seizures

Question 28

The preferred route of administration for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in children is:

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Question 29

In pediatric nursing, which medication is primarily used to manage seizures?

Accepted Answer

Phenobarbital

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Digoxin

Question 30

Which medication is commonly used to treat bronchospasm in infants and children?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Salmeterol

Question 31

Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for ear infections in children?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 32

Which medication is indicated as a first-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Methylphenidate

Answer

Clonidine

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Diazepam

Question 33

What is the most common adverse effect associated with systemic corticosteroid use in children?

Accepted Answer

Growth suppression

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Hypertension

Question 34

Which medication is commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Ondansetron

Question 35

What is the recommended route of administration for vancomycin in neonates?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous (IV)

Answer

Subcutaneous (SC)

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 36

What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Cefuroxime

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 37

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of inhaled albuterol?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Constipation

Question 38

Digoxin is used in pediatric patients for the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Asthma management

Answer

Fever reduction

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Question 39

Which medication is commonly used to prevent seizures in children with febrile seizures?

Accepted Answer

Phenobarbital

Answer

Valproic acid

Answer

Carbamazepine

Answer

Lamotrigine

Question 40

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of amoxicillin-clavulanate?

Accepted Answer

History of penicillin allergy

Answer

Liver disease

Answer

Renal impairment

Answer

Prematurity

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of using a spacer with inhaled medications?

Accepted Answer

To improve medication delivery to the lungs

Answer

To make the medication more palatable

Answer

To reduce the risk of side effects

Answer

To prevent contamination of the medication

Question 42

A 6-year-old child with asthma is prescribed albuterol. What is the most appropriate method for administering this medication?

Accepted Answer

Inhaler with a spacer

Answer

Oral syrup

Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Nasal spray

Question 43

A 2-year-old child with otitis media is prescribed amoxicillin. What is the most important instruction to give the parent regarding this medication?

Accepted Answer

Complete the full course of antibiotics even if the child seems better.

Answer

Give the medication with milk.

Answer

Administer the medication with food.

Answer

Stop the medication if the child develops diarrhea.

Question 44

A 10-year-old child is receiving intravenous antibiotics for a severe urinary tract infection. Which of the following is a possible adverse effect of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Improved sleep

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Increased appetite

Question 45

A 4-month-old infant with a fever is prescribed acetaminophen. What is the most crucial factor to consider when determining the appropriate dosage?

Accepted Answer

The infant's weight

Answer

The infant's age

Answer

The infant's height

Question 46

A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving pancreatic enzymes. What is the primary purpose of these medications?

Accepted Answer

To help digest food

Answer

To improve lung function

Answer

To prevent infections

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Question 47

A 12-year-old child with epilepsy is taking phenytoin. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Gingival hyperplasia

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Improved sleep

Answer

Increased appetite

Question 48

A 5-year-old child with ADHD is prescribed methylphenidate. What is the most important nursing intervention related to this medication?

Accepted Answer

Monitor for signs of insomnia and decreased appetite

Answer

Administer the medication with meals

Answer

Store the medication in the refrigerator

Question 49

A 3-month-old infant is receiving digoxin for a heart condition. Which of the following is a sign of digoxin toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Improved sleep

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Weight gain

Question 50

A 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes is taking insulin. Which of the following is the most crucial aspect of insulin administration?

Accepted Answer

Rotating injection sites

Answer

Storing the insulin in the refrigerator

Answer

Administering the insulin with meals

Answer

Giving the insulin with milk

Question 51

A 1-year-old child is receiving oral antibiotics for a respiratory infection. What is the best way to ensure the child takes the full prescribed dose?

Accepted Answer

Use a calibrated oral syringe to administer the medication

Answer

Give the medication with milk

Answer

Crush the medication and mix it with food