Major Endocrine Glands: Functions and Hormones - Anatomy and Physiology II

Question 1

Which of the following hormones plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 2

Growth and development are primarily regulated by hormones secreted from which of the following glands?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Question 3

Maintaining calcium balance in the body is primarily regulated by hormones secreted from which of the following glands?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 4

Which hormone plays a critical role in regulating the body's metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 5

At the base of the brain, which gland serves as the 'master gland' and regulates hormone production in other glands?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Question 6

Milk production during breastfeeding is primarily stimulated by which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 7

Water balance in the body is primarily regulated by hormones secreted from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 9

Which glands secrete hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Question 10

Which hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 12

In the human body, where are the parathyroid glands located?

Accepted Answer

Embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Answer

Within the chest cavity, near the lungs

Answer

In the abdominal cavity, near the kidneys

Answer

In the pelvic cavity, near the bladder

Question 13

Which gland secretes the hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Ovary

Question 14

What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance

Answer

Stimulating muscle growth and development

Answer

Controlling blood sugar levels

Answer

Producing sex hormones

Question 15

Which hormone is released during the body's response to stress and increases heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Producing growth hormone

Answer

Regulating sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Secreting melatonin

Answer

Controlling body temperature

Question 17

What is the name of the hormone that stimulates milk production in mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 18

What is the name of the hormone that promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 19

Which hormone, when produced in excess by the pituitary gland, causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and regulates blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 21

What is the main function of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the body's response to stress

Answer

Promoting growth and development

Answer

Controlling reproduction

Answer

Producing thyroid hormones

Question 22

Which pituitary hormone stimulates growth and development?

Accepted Answer

GH

Answer

ACTH

Answer

TSH

Answer

FSH

Question 23

Which tissue is the primary target of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Bones

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Liver

Question 24

Which hormone stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Answer

Renin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 25

Which organ is the primary target of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Bones

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Question 26

Which endocrine gland regulates sleep patterns?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 27

What is the primary function of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

Maturing T-cells

Answer

Producing growth hormone

Answer

Producing thyroid hormones

Answer

Secreting insulin

Question 28

Iodine plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone production. Explain how iodine deficiency affects thyroid hormone synthesis and discuss the potential consequences.

Accepted Answer

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its deficiency leads to reduced hormone production, causing hypothyroidism.

Answer

Iodine is not required for thyroid hormone production.

Question 29

Which hormone released by the pituitary gland stimulates hormone production in the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 30

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 31

What is the primary function of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Produce hormones that respond to stress

Answer

Regulate blood sugar levels

Answer

Control body temperature

Answer

Stimulate bone growth

Question 32

Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 33

Where is the pancreas located in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Abdomen

Answer

Neck

Answer

Chest

Answer

Pelvis

Question 34

Which of the following hormones is not involved in glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 35

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Control metabolism

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Answer

Stimulate immune function

Answer

Produce reproductive hormones

Question 36

What is the primary role of the pineal gland in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulate sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Control body temperature

Answer

Produce hormones that affect mood

Answer

Stimulate growth

Question 37

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in women?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Insulin

Question 38

How do the parathyroid glands maintain calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Secrete PTH to stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium.

Answer

Secrete calcitonin to increase calcium deposition in bone.

Answer

Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) to decrease calcium resorption from bone.

Question 39

Which hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 40

Which gland regulates calcium homeostasis and secretes parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 41

Which hormone secreted by the pancreas stimulates glucose uptake by cells and inhibits gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Gastrin

Question 42

Which hormone released by the adrenal medulla is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 43

Which hormone released by the hypothalamus stimulates prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Answer

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 44

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 45

Which hormone secreted by the ovaries is responsible for development of secondary sex characteristics in females?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 46

Which tissue is a target for aldosterone, a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Kidney tubules

Answer

Liver

Answer

Heart

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 47

Which endocrine gland is located in the neck and produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Thymus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 48

Which hormone is involved in regulating blood glucose levels and is released in response to elevated blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 49

Which hormone, secreted by the pancreas, is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Estrogen

Question 50

Which endocrine gland is considered the 'master gland' due to its role in regulating other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Question 51

Which hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, is involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Question 52

Which glands are primarily responsible for secreting the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and fertility?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Question 53

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a central role in the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 54

Which gland is responsible for producing growth hormone, essential for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Question 55

Which hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland, is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 56

Which gland secretes prolactin, the hormone that stimulates milk production?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 57

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is involved in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 58

Which gland secretes melatonin, the hormone involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas