Bones: Structure and Function - Anatomy and Physiology I Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Producing blood cells

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Protecting vital organs

Answer

Storing minerals

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is responsible for resorbing (breaking down) old bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of spongy (cancellous) bone?

Accepted Answer

Contains marrow-filled spaces

Answer

Dense and compact

Answer

Found in the shafts of long bones

Answer

Provides strength and rigidity

Question 4

Which hormone stimulates the release of calcium from bones, increasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 5

What is the name of the membrane that lines the medullary cavity of bones?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Meniscus

Answer

Synovium

Question 6

What is the layer of cartilage that covers the ends of bones at joints called?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Answer

Epiphysis

Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Metaphysis

Question 7

Which of the following is the primary mineral component that contributes to bone strength and hardness?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Produce blood cells

Answer

Provide structural support and protection

Answer

Facilitate movement

Answer

Store minerals

Question 9

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a recognized function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Support and protection

Answer

Mineral storage

Answer

Blood cell production

Question 11

Which bone classification method is based on the overall shape of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Gross structure

Answer

Microscopic structure

Answer

Embryological origin

Answer

Functional role

Question 12

What is the term for the tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Synovium

Question 13

Which mineral is the most abundant component of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Sodium

Question 14

What is the name of the type of joint where bones meet to allow for movement?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Answer

Symphysis

Answer

Suture

Answer

Syndesmosis

Question 15

Which hormone plays a crucial role in bone growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 16

What is the condition characterized by weak and brittle bones due to insufficient calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Paget's disease of bone

Question 17

Which feature is unique to compact bone, distinguishing it from spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Presence of Haversian canals

Answer

Composition of trabeculae

Answer

Provision of strength and rigidity

Answer

Location of red bone marrow

Question 18

Which cell type is primarily responsible for forming new bone tissue during bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 19

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Question 20

Which type of cell is responsible for building new bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 21

The structural unit of compact bone is called a:

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Answer

Lacuna

Answer

Canal

Answer

Trabecula

Question 22

The primary role of parathyroid hormone is to:

Accepted Answer

Increase blood calcium levels

Answer

Decrease blood calcium levels

Answer

Increase bone formation

Answer

Decrease bone resorption

Question 23

Which of the following joints allows for the widest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Condyloid joint

Question 24

The skull is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Long bone

Answer

Sesamoid bone

Answer

Irregular bone

Question 25

What is the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone called?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Answer

Ossification

Answer

Calcification

Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 26

Which of the following is the most common type of arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Gout

Answer

Lupus

Question 27

Which bone fracture type extends into the joint space?

Accepted Answer

Intra-articular fracture

Answer

Greenstick fracture

Answer

Open fracture

Answer

Avulsion fracture

Question 28

Which of the following processes involves the formation of bone directly from mesenchymal tissue?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Answer

Endochondral ossification

Answer

Replacement ossification

Answer

Periosteal ossification

Question 29

During bone formation, what is the main function of cartilage models?

Accepted Answer

They act as temporary guides for bone shape and size.

Answer

They release growth hormone to encourage bone growth.

Answer

They deliver nutrients to developing bone cells.

Answer

They prevent bone from hardening too quickly.

Question 30

Identify the correct description of the axial and appendicular skeletons:

Accepted Answer

Axial: skull, vertebral column; Appendicular: limbs, limb girdles

Answer

Axial: limbs; Appendicular: skull, vertebral column

Answer

Axial: limbs, limb girdles, skull; Appendicular: vertebral column

Question 31

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondroblasts

Question 32

What is the name of the tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of most bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Tendon

Question 33

Which of the following is a type of dense bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Answer

Spongy bone

Answer

Trabecular bone

Answer

Cancellous bone

Question 34

Which hormone promotes the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 35

What is the primary inorganic component of bones?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Potassium

Question 36

Which of the following conditions is characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Paget's disease

Question 37

What is the name of the joint formed between the thigh bone and the shin bone?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint

Answer

Hip joint

Answer

Elbow joint

Answer

Shoulder joint

Question 38

What is the term for the basic units that make up bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Adipocytes

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 39

Which type of bone is characterized by its spongy, porous appearance?

Accepted Answer

Cancellous bone

Answer

Compact bone

Answer

Subchondral bone

Question 40

What is the biological process responsible for the ongoing renewal and repair of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling

Answer

Ossification

Answer

Osteogenesis

Question 41

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium metabolism and bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 42

What type of joint allows for smooth, gliding movements?

Accepted Answer

Plane joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 43

What is the term for the central, cylindrical portion of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Epiphysis

Answer

Metaphysis

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Question 45

What is the process by which new bone tissue is formed on the surfaces of existing bone?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 46

How do exercise and nutrition contribute to maintaining healthy bones?

Accepted Answer

Exercise and nutrition both increase bone density and strength.

Answer

Exercise promotes bone resorption, while nutrition provides nutrients for bone formation.

Answer

Nutrition alone maintains bone health, while exercise has no impact.

Answer

Exercise increases bone mass, but nutrition has no effect on bone health.

Question 47

A bone fracture that has broken through the skin is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Compound fracture

Answer

Greenstick fracture

Answer

Comminuted fracture

Answer

Stress fracture

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D synthesis

Answer

Blood cell production

Answer

Mineral storage

Answer

Protection of vital organs

Question 49

Which type of bone cell is responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Answer

Fibroblast

Answer

Chondrocyte

Answer

Osteoblast

Question 50

The central portion of a long bone is called the:

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Metaphysis

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Epiphysis

Question 51

The epiphyseal plate in long bones is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal bone growth

Answer

Red blood cell production

Answer

Attachment of muscles

Answer

Bone repair

Question 52

Which of the following hormones is essential for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Insulin

Question 53

A medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to weakened and brittle bones, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomyelitis

Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 54

The process of creating new bone tissue is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Ossification

Answer

Resorption

Answer

Calcification

Answer

Hematopoiesis