Blood: Composition and Functions - Anatomy and Physiology I Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following is the most prevalent type of blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)

Answer

White blood cells (Leukocytes)

Answer

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 2

In blood plasma, which protein plays a crucial role in preserving osmotic balance?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Answer

Globulin

Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 3

What primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells is?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen

Answer

Transport carbon dioxide

Answer

Maintain osmotic balance

Question 4

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Monocytes

Question 5

Between which values lies the typical pH range of human blood?

Accepted Answer

7.35 - 7.45

Answer

7.20 - 7.30

Answer

7.50 - 7.60

Question 6

Which hormone plays a primary role in regulating the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 7

The lymphatic system's role in relation to blood is to:

Accepted Answer

Drain excess fluid from tissues and return it to the blood

Answer

Filter out bacteria and other harmful particles

Answer

Store blood cells and release them as needed

Question 8

Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body's tissues?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Question 9

Which blood component is responsible for carrying oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

White blood cells

Answer

Platelets

Answer

Plasma

Question 10

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Basophils

Question 11

What is the primary protein found in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Fibrinogen

Answer

Globulin

Question 12

What is the process by which blood clots?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Answer

Hemolysis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 13

Which disorder is characterized by an abnormally low platelet count?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 14

What is the role of the lymphatic system in relation to blood?

Accepted Answer

Drains excess fluid from tissues and returns it to the blood

Answer

Produces and releases white blood cells

Answer

Stores red blood cells

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Question 15

Which organ is responsible for producing red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Liver

Answer

Thymus

Question 16

Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and heparin?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Eosinophil

Question 17

What is the primary function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating blood clot formation

Answer

Transporting oxygen

Answer

Fighting infection

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Answer

Artery

Answer

Vein

Answer

Capillary

Question 19

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Systolic is the pressure when the heart contracts, diastolic is when it relaxes

Answer

Diastolic is the pressure when the heart contracts, systolic is when it relaxes

Answer

They are both measures of pressure in the arteries

Answer

There is no difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Question 20

What is the role of erythropoietin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells

Answer

Inhibits red bone marrow from producing red blood cells

Answer

Converts hemoglobin to heme

Answer

Breaks down old red blood cells

Question 21

The primary function of erythrocytes is to:

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen

Answer

Fight infection

Answer

Coagulate blood

Answer

Maintain osmotic balance

Question 22

Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Question 23

Platelets are primarily involved in the process of:

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Immune response

Answer

pH regulation

Question 24

Hemoglobin, a protein present in red blood cells, is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Binding oxygen

Answer

Fighting infection

Answer

Coagulating blood

Answer

Maintaining blood pressure

Question 25

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating glucose levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 26

A potential complication of severe blood loss is:

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Answer

Ischemia

Answer

Edema

Answer

Hypertension

Question 27

How do red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets each contribute to maintaining homeostasis in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help with blood clotting.

Answer

Red blood cells carry nutrients, white blood cells transport oxygen, and platelets help regulate blood pressure.

Answer

White blood cells carry oxygen, red blood cells fight infection, and platelets help with blood clotting.

Answer

Platelets carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and red blood cells help with blood clotting.

Question 28

How do changes in blood vessel diameter and heart rate affect blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood vessel diameter and decreased heart rate lower blood pressure.

Answer

Increased blood vessel diameter and increased heart rate both raise blood pressure.

Answer

Decreased blood vessel diameter and increased heart rate both lower blood pressure.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a component of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

Water

Answer

Electrolytes

Answer

Albumin

Question 30

Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Monocyte

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Eosinophil

Question 31

Which of the following is a primary function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Nutrient transport

Answer

Immune response

Question 32

Which blood type is considered the universal donor, meaning it can be safely transfused to individuals with any blood type?

Accepted Answer

O-

Answer

AB+

Answer

B-

Answer

A+

Question 33

What is the primary role of hemoglobin within red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Waste removal

Answer

Immune response

Answer

Nutrient transport

Question 34

Which condition is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Leukopenia

Question 35

What is the process by which fluid and solutes move out of the capillary into the surrounding tissue?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Question 36

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Prolactin

Question 37

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to blood?

Accepted Answer

Returns excess fluid and proteins to the bloodstream

Answer

Filters blood

Answer

Produces red blood cells

Answer

Stores platelets

Question 38

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Eosinophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Basophil

Question 39

Which blood type can donate to individuals with any blood type without causing immune reactions?

Accepted Answer

O negative (O-)

Answer

A positive (A+)

Answer

AB negative (AB-)

Answer

B positive (B+)

Question 40

What laboratory technique is commonly used to separate blood components?

Accepted Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Dialysis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Filtration

Question 41

Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 42

What is one of the main functions of the spleen in relation to blood health?

Accepted Answer

Filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Storing platelets

Question 43

A patient has a low red blood cell count. What is the most likely consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

Answer

Increased risk of blood clots

Answer

Elevated white blood cell count

Answer

Reduced blood viscosity (thickness)

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Answer

Water

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Electrolytes

Question 45

A patient with a high white blood cell count may be experiencing:

Accepted Answer

An infection

Answer

A blood clotting disorder

Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Anemia

Question 46

What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting (hemostasis)

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Nutrient transport

Question 47

A patient with type A blood can safely receive a blood transfusion of which blood type(s)?

Accepted Answer

Type A and Type O

Answer

Type AB

Answer

Type B

Answer

Type O only

Question 48

Which of the following is a function of blood in the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Contraction of muscles

Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Production of hormones

Question 49

What is the main component of blood by volume?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

Platelets

Answer

White blood cells

Question 50

A patient with a low platelet count may be at risk for:

Accepted Answer

Excessive bleeding

Answer

Increased risk of infection

Answer

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Question 51

Anemia is a condition characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin

Answer

An overproduction of white blood cells

Answer

An excess of plasma

Answer

A lack of platelets