Database Security: Master the Fundamentals for Data Protection

Question 1

Which concept is NOT fundamental to database security?

Accepted Answer

Database design

Answer

Authentication

Answer

Authorization

Answer

Data encryption

Question 2

Which authentication method verifies a user's identity based on a physical characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Biometric authentication

Answer

Password-based authentication

Answer

Token-based authentication

Answer

Multi-factor authentication

Question 3

Which authorization model assigns privileges to users based on their roles within the organization?

Accepted Answer

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Answer

Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Answer

Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Answer

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of database auditing?

Accepted Answer

To identify suspicious user activity

Answer

To prevent unauthorized access

Answer

To ensure data integrity

Answer

To optimize database performance

Question 5

Which access control list (ACL) type specifies who cannot access a resource?

Accepted Answer

Negative ACL

Answer

Positive ACL

Answer

Implicit ACL

Answer

Explicit ACL

Question 6

What is the purpose of a security policy in database security?

Accepted Answer

To establish security requirements and measures

Answer

To implement access control rules

Answer

To detect and respond to security incidents

Answer

To monitor database activities

Question 7

Which database security tool is used to identify potential vulnerabilities in databases?

Accepted Answer

Vulnerability scanner

Answer

Intrusion detection system

Answer

Security information and event management (SIEM) system

Answer

Database firewall

Question 8

Identify the essential components of a comprehensive database security strategy.

Accepted Answer

Enforce robust password policies

Accepted Answer

Implement regular data backups

Accepted Answer

Enable centralized logging

Question 9

In database security, the principle of least privilege dictates that:

Accepted Answer

Users should have the minimum access necessary for their tasks.

Answer

All users should have equal access to the database.

Answer

Users should have unrestricted access to the database.

Answer

The principle of least privilege is not relevant to database security.

Question 10

In database security, which access control mechanism ensures users can only access objects they have permission to access?

Accepted Answer

Authorization

Answer

Authentication

Answer

Encryption

Answer

Auditing

Question 11

In database systems, why is data encryption considered essential for protecting data confidentiality?

Accepted Answer

Data encryption transforms data into an unreadable format, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Answer

Data encryption ensures data integrity by preventing unauthorized modification.

Answer

Data encryption enhances data accessibility by allowing authorized users to access data from any location.

Answer

Data encryption simplifies data management by reducing the size of stored data.

Question 12

What is the primary function of a firewall?

Accepted Answer

To allow authorized network traffic and block unauthorized traffic

Answer

To detect and block malicious software

Answer

To encrypt data in transit

Answer

To provide remote access to a network

Question 13

Which type of malware is designed to steal sensitive information by recording user keystrokes?

Accepted Answer

Keylogger

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Ransomware

Question 14

What is the process of converting data into a scrambled format before storing it in a database called?

Accepted Answer

Encryption

Answer

Hashing

Answer

Salting

Answer

Obfuscation

Question 15

What is the principle of least privilege?

Accepted Answer

Users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to perform their job

Answer

Users should always have the maximum privileges

Answer

Privileges should be granted based on seniority

Answer

Privileges should be reviewed regularly but can be assigned without justification

Question 16

What is the difference between a database vulnerability and a database exploit?

Accepted Answer

A vulnerability is a weakness in the database that could be exploited, while an exploit is a specific method used to attack the vulnerability

Answer

A vulnerability is a potential security risk, while an exploit is a real-world attack

Answer

A vulnerability is a flaw in the database design, while an exploit is a flaw in the database implementation

Answer

There is no difference between a vulnerability and an exploit

Question 17

Which of the following authentication mechanisms is based on verifying a unique physical or behavioral characteristic of the user?

Accepted Answer

Biometric authentication

Answer

Password-based authentication

Answer

Token-based authentication

Answer

Certificate-based authentication

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of role-based access control (RBAC)?

Accepted Answer

To grant or deny permissions to users based on their roles in the organization

Answer

To provide personalized data views tailored to each user's preferences

Answer

To enforce data confidentiality and integrity by restricting access to specific columns or tables

Answer

To audit user activities and detect potential security breaches

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using data encryption?

Accepted Answer

Eliminates the need for network security measures

Answer

Ensures data confidentiality by rendering it unreadable to unauthorized individuals

Answer

Improves database performance by reducing the size of data stored

Answer

Facilitates data recovery in case of accidental deletion or corruption

Question 20

What is the main objective of database auditing?

Accepted Answer

To track and record user activities and security events related to the database

Answer

To protect the database from unauthorized access and malicious attacks

Answer

To optimize database performance by identifying and resolving bottlenecks

Answer

To recover lost or damaged data in case of a system failure

Question 21

Which of the following is a recommended practice for implementing two-factor authentication?

Accepted Answer

Using a combination of something the user knows (e.g., password) and something the user has (e.g., security token)

Answer

Allowing users to choose any two authentication factors they prefer

Answer

Requiring two-factor authentication only for high-risk transactions or sensitive data access

Answer

Disabling two-factor authentication to simplify the user experience

Question 22

What is the fundamental difference between logical and physical access control in database security?

Accepted Answer

Logical access control manages access to data within the database, while physical access control manages access to the physical database system

Answer

Logical access control is more complex to implement, while physical access control is more straightforward

Answer

Logical access control is only applicable to cloud-based databases, while physical access control is only applicable to on-premises databases

Answer

There is no significant difference between logical and physical access control

Question 23

Which emerging trend in database security utilizes AI and ML algorithms to enhance threat detection and prevention?

Accepted Answer

Anomaly detection

Answer

Blockchain-based access control

Answer

Homomorphic encryption

Answer

Differential privacy

Question 24

Which encryption method is primarily used to protect data while it is stored in a database?

Accepted Answer

Symmetric-key encryption

Answer

Asymmetric-key encryption

Answer

Hash functions

Answer

Message authentication codes

Question 25

What is the primary purpose of access control in a database management system?

Accepted Answer

To restrict user access to specific data based on their privileges

Answer

To encrypt data before storing it in the database

Answer

To detect and prevent unauthorized access attempts

Answer

To create backup copies of the database

Question 26

What is the primary goal of database auditing?

Accepted Answer

To monitor user activities and identify suspicious patterns

Answer

To encrypt data in the database

Answer

To grant or revoke user privileges

Answer

To create backups of the database

Question 27

What is the key difference between authentication and authorization in the context of database security?

Accepted Answer

Authentication verifies a user's identity, while authorization determines their access privileges

Answer

Authentication involves granting access privileges, while authorization verifies user credentials

Answer

Both authentication and authorization are performed by the database administrator

Answer

Authentication and authorization are synonymous terms

Question 28

What is the primary purpose of a firewall in relation to database security?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and filter network traffic to and from the database server

Answer

To encrypt data in transit

Answer

To automatically detect and respond to security incidents

Answer

To create backups of the database

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a security vulnerability that could exist in a database system?

Accepted Answer

Regular software updates

Answer

Weak password policies

Answer

Lack of data encryption

Answer

Authorized users having excessive privileges

Question 30

Which authentication method involves the use of a physical device, such as a hardware token or smart card, that generates or stores authentication credentials?

Accepted Answer

Token-based Authentication

Answer

Password Authentication

Answer

Biometric Authentication

Answer

Certificate-based Authentication

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an authentication mechanism used in database security?

Accepted Answer

Encryption

Answer

Password-based authentication

Answer

Biometric authentication

Answer

Token-based authentication

Question 32

Which of the following is a primary objective of database security?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data

Answer

Reducing data storage costs

Answer

Enhancing database performance

Answer

Simplifying database administration

Question 33

Which type of authentication mechanism verifies a user's identity based on something they possess?

Accepted Answer

Token-based

Answer

Biometric-based

Answer

Password-based

Question 34

Which access control model assigns permissions to users based on predefined roles?

Accepted Answer

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Answer

Bell-LaPadula model

Answer

Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Answer

Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Question 35

Which encryption algorithm is commonly used for encrypting data at rest in databases?

Accepted Answer

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

Answer

MD5 (Message Digest 5)

Answer

DES (Data Encryption Standard)

Answer

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

Question 36

What is the primary purpose of database auditing?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and record database activities for security analysis and compliance purposes

Answer

To improve database performance

Answer

To verify user identities

Question 37

Which of the following is a common SQL injection attack technique?

Accepted Answer

Inserting malicious SQL statements into user inputs

Answer

Brute-forcing user passwords

Answer

Exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities

Question 38

What is a best practice for mitigating SQL injection attacks?

Accepted Answer

Using parameterized queries or prepared statements

Answer

Granting excessive privileges to all users

Answer

Storing passwords in clear text

Answer

Allowing user input to be unchecked

Question 39

Which of the following is a key element of the least privilege principle?

Accepted Answer

Granting users only the minimum permissions necessary to perform their tasks

Answer

Allowing users to have full access to all data

Answer

Revoking all privileges from users when they leave the organization

Question 40

What is the main purpose of a security audit in the context of database security?

Accepted Answer

To evaluate the effectiveness of database security controls and identify potential vulnerabilities

Answer

To modify database security settings

Answer

To prevent database attacks

Question 41

Which of the following is a benefit of using a centralized database security management system?

Accepted Answer

Simplified management and enforcement of security policies across multiple databases

Answer

Enhanced database performance

Answer

Reduced cost of security management

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental component of a comprehensive DBMS security plan?

Accepted Answer

Disaster recovery planning

Answer

Network security

Answer

Authentication and Authorization

Answer

Access control

Question 43

Which authentication method verifies a user's identity based on a shared secret, such as a password?

Accepted Answer

Password-based authentication

Answer

Certificate-based authentication

Answer

Token-based authentication

Answer

Biometric authentication

Question 44

Which authorization model assigns permissions based on the user's membership in specific groups or roles?

Accepted Answer

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Answer

Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Answer

Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Question 45

Which encryption algorithm is specifically designed for efficient encryption of large data volumes?

Accepted Answer

Symmetric-key encryption

Answer

Asymmetric-key encryption

Answer

Hashing

Answer

Message authentication code (MAC)

Question 46

Which of the following is a key advantage of implementing a centralized audit mechanism in a database security system?

Accepted Answer

Provides a comprehensive and centralized view of audit logs

Answer

Reduces storage overhead

Answer

Eliminates the need for user authentication

Answer

Guarantees complete data integrity

Question 47

Which best practice is particularly effective in mitigating the risk of SQL injection attacks?

Accepted Answer

Utilizing parameterized queries

Answer

Implementing strict firewall rules

Answer

Encrypting all data within the database

Answer

Granting users only the minimum necessary permissions

Question 48

Which security measure involves the ongoing monitoring and analysis of database activity logs?

Accepted Answer

Log monitoring and analysis

Answer

Authentication

Answer

Data encryption

Answer

Access control

Question 49

Which potential risk is specifically associated with database replication?

Accepted Answer

Data inconsistency between replicated databases

Answer

Increased data storage requirements

Answer

Enhanced security

Answer

Performance degradation

Question 50

Which primary responsibility falls within the scope of a database security administrator?

Accepted Answer

Developing and enforcing security policies and procedures

Answer

Managing routine database backups

Answer

Designing and developing database applications

Answer

Providing general user support