Ethical Theories and Frameworks for Business Decision-Making

Question 1

Which of the following is a key feature of virtue ethics?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on developing virtuous character traits

Answer

Emphasis on universal moral rules

Answer

Maximization of happiness as the ultimate goal

Answer

Consideration of only the immediate consequences

Question 2

Which ethical theory places the most emphasis on individual conscience and autonomy?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Stakeholder theory

Question 3

According to deontology, lying is always wrong, even if it is to save a life. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on the intentions of the decision-maker.

Answer

Maximizing overall well-being and minimizing harm.

Answer

Considering the consequences of actions.

Answer

Treating all individuals with equal moral consideration.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a virtue in virtue ethics?

Accepted Answer

Integrity

Answer

Profitability

Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Compliance

Question 6

When applying ethical theories to decision-making in business, it is essential to consider:

Accepted Answer

The specific circumstances and stakeholders involved.

Answer

Adherence to strict ethical rules without exception.

Answer

Relying solely on personal intuition.

Answer

Prioritizing financial outcomes over ethical considerations.

Question 7

Which principle forms the foundation of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are considered right if they maximize overall happiness and minimize overall harm.

Answer

Actions are deemed right if they strictly adhere to universal moral principles.

Answer

Actions are considered right if they align with an individual's personal values.

Question 8

What is the core principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions should be judged solely by their consequences.

Answer

Individuals have fundamental rights that cannot be violated.

Answer

Morality is based on societal norms and values.

Answer

The ends justify the means.

Question 9

Which ethical theory emphasizes the fulfillment of duties and obligations, regardless of the outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 10

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall happiness and well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Question 11

According to deontology, the rightness or wrongness of an action primarily depends on its:

Accepted Answer

Conformity to moral principles

Answer

Consequences and outcomes

Answer

Underlying intentions

Answer

Contribution to societal welfare

Question 12

In business, which ethical framework provides a set of guiding principles for decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Code of Ethics

Answer

Mission Statement

Answer

Company Values

Answer

Compliance Regulations

Question 13

The ethical dilemma of whistleblowing arises from the tension between:

Accepted Answer

Loyalty to employer and duty to report wrongdoing

Answer

Personal gain and ethical responsibility

Answer

Company profits and social justice

Answer

Legal obligations and personal values

Question 14

Which ethical theory asserts that actions are inherently right or wrong, independent of their consequences?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Natural Law Theory

Question 15

According to virtue ethics, a virtuous person is one who consistently:

Accepted Answer

Possesses and exercises admirable character traits

Answer

Adheres to all moral rules

Answer

Produces the greatest happiness

Answer

Avoids causing harm to others

Question 16

Which ethical principle emphasizes fairness, impartiality, and respect for individual rights?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 17

The process of identifying and analyzing ethical issues in business contexts is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ethical reasoning

Answer

Moral deliberation

Answer

Ethical sensitivity

Answer

Values clarification

Question 18

Which ethical framework emphasizes the fair and equal treatment of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Justice theory

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Question 19

Stakeholder theory in business ethics advocates for:

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing the interests of all stakeholders

Answer

Focusing solely on shareholder value

Answer

Ignoring ethical concerns raised by stakeholders

Answer

Considering only the interests of employees

Question 20

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in business refers to:

Accepted Answer

Voluntary actions taken by companies to address social and environmental issues

Answer

Complying with minimum legal requirements

Answer

Maximizing profits without regard for social or environmental impact

Answer

Avoiding any social or environmental responsibilities

Question 21

Ethical decision-making in a business context often involves:

Accepted Answer

Balancing multiple ethical considerations

Answer

Applying a set of predefined rules

Answer

Disregarding the interests of stakeholders

Answer

Prioritizing personal gain above all else

Question 22

Which ethical theory emphasizes the outcomes of actions and aims to maximize overall happiness?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Ethical Egoism

Question 23

Which ethical theory emphasizes maximizing overall happiness and well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 24

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 25

According to Immanuel Kant, which principle is considered a categorical imperative?

Accepted Answer

Act only on that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.

Answer

Treat others as you would like to be treated.

Answer

Pursue your own self-interest.

Question 26

Which ethical framework involves considering the interests of all parties affected by a decision?

Accepted Answer

Stakeholder theory

Answer

Stockholder theory

Answer

Market theory

Question 27

What is a primary role of ethical theories in business decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Providing a framework for analyzing ethical issues

Answer

Guaranteeing that all decisions are ethically sound

Answer

Eliminating the need for personal judgment

Question 28

Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of treating people with dignity and respect?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 29

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

The principle of maximizing overall well-being should guide decision-making.

Answer

Actions are judged solely based on their intended consequences.

Answer

Actions should be based primarily on established rules and obligations.

Answer

Ethical choices should consider the intrinsic value of all individuals.

Question 30

According to virtue ethics, the primary focus of ethical decision-making is on:

Accepted Answer

Cultivating a virtuous character and disposition

Answer

Achieving the greatest good for the greatest number

Answer

Adhering strictly to established rules and principles

Answer

Balancing the rights and interests of all stakeholders

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a key element of the stakeholder theory of ethics?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing shareholder value above all other interests

Answer

Identification and consideration of relevant stakeholders

Answer

Balancing stakeholder interests and concerns

Answer

Recognition of stakeholder rights and responsibilities

Question 32

The categorical imperative in Kantian ethics refers to:

Accepted Answer

A universal moral principle that all rational beings should act upon

Answer

A guideline for ensuring that actions are consistent with others' goals

Answer

A virtue that individuals should strive to possess

Answer

A method for determining the rightness or wrongness of actions

Question 33

What is the fundamental distinction between teleological and deontological ethical theories?

Accepted Answer

Teleological theories focus on the consequences of actions, while deontological theories focus on the actions themselves.

Answer

Teleological theories are subjective, while deontological theories are objective.

Answer

Teleological theories prioritize individual well-being, while deontological theories prioritize social order.

Answer

Teleological theories are concerned with the ends, while deontological theories are concerned with the means.

Question 34

In the context of business ethics, the concept of moral agency refers to:

Accepted Answer

The capacity of individuals and organizations to make ethical decisions and act accordingly

Answer

The responsibility of organizations to create an ethical work environment

Answer

The influence of stakeholders in shaping ethical behavior

Answer

The consequences of ethical or unethical actions in business

Question 35

The principle of double effect in ethical decision-making involves:

Accepted Answer

Allowing an action that has both intended good and unintended bad consequences

Answer

Considering the intent of an action and its foreseeable consequences

Answer

Balancing the rights and responsibilities of different stakeholders

Answer

Prioritizing the minimization of harm to others

Question 36

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Deontology

Question 37

According to deontological ethics, the rightness or wrongness of an action is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Adherence to moral rules or duties

Answer

Its potential consequences

Answer

The intentions of the agent

Answer

The overall happiness it generates

Question 38

Virtue ethics emphasizes the development and cultivation of:

Accepted Answer

Character traits that align with moral virtues

Answer

Consequential outcomes

Answer

Universal moral rules

Question 39

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of Kantian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Categorical imperative

Answer

Greatest happiness principle

Answer

Virtue cultivation

Answer

Ethical egoism

Question 40

Which ethical framework considers the rights, interests, and well-being of all stakeholders involved in a business decision?

Accepted Answer

Stakeholder theory

Answer

Corporate social responsibility

Answer

Stockholder theory

Answer

Agency theory

Question 41

According to the utilitarian approach, the ethically preferable course of action is one that:

Accepted Answer

Produces the greatest overall benefit or happiness for the greatest number of people

Answer

Protects the rights of all parties involved

Answer

Adheres to universally accepted moral principles

Answer

Promotes individual flourishing

Question 42

Which ethical theory emphasizes the development of personal character and the cultivation of moral virtues?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Contract theory

Question 43

In a business ethics context, which of the following is a key consideration of situational ethics?

Accepted Answer

The unique circumstances and context of each specific situation

Answer

Universal moral principles

Answer

Maximizing happiness or well-being

Answer

Adherence to established company policies

Question 44

Which ethical theory prioritizes individual rights and personal autonomy while respecting the rights of others?

Accepted Answer

Ethical individualism

Answer

Altruism

Answer

Collectivism

Answer

Universalism