Respiratory Assessment and Monitoring for Pediatrics: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which view of a chest radiograph is typically used for assessing the size and shape of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Posterior-anterior (PA)

Answer

Lateral

Answer

Oblique

Answer

Supine

Question 2

A 2-month-old infant presents with respiratory distress. On auscultation, you hear diminished breath sounds in the right lower lung field. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Atelectasis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Bronchiolitis

Question 3

During respiratory assessment, which of the following techniques is used to assess the symmetry of chest expansion?

Accepted Answer

Observation

Answer

Auscultation

Answer

Palpation

Answer

Percussion

Question 4

During a physical examination for respiratory assessment, you observe retractions in the intercostal spaces. Which of the following is the most probable cause?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory effort

Answer

Decreased lung volume

Answer

Airway obstruction

Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a common finding on a chest radiograph of a child with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Hyperinflation

Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Effusion

Answer

Atelectasis

Question 6

Which physical examination finding is the most reliable indicator of respiratory distress in an infant?

Accepted Answer

Nasal flaring

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Cyanosis

Question 7

In chest radiography, which finding is a characteristic indication of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar infiltrates

Answer

Interstitial edema

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Mediastinal shift

Question 8

In assessing respiratory rate, which factor should be given the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Age of the patient

Answer

Activity level of the patient

Answer

Presence of fever

Answer

Oxygen saturation level

Question 9

In infants, which condition is the most common cause of wheezing?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 10

Which medication, classified as a bronchodilator, is commonly used to treat asthma?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Budesonide

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Theophylline

Question 11

When used during mechanical ventilation, what is the primary function of capnography?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring ventilation adequacy

Answer

Assessing airway patency

Answer

Detecting leaks in the ventilator circuit

Answer

Measuring inspired oxygen concentration

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a physical examination finding commonly seen in children with respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure (hypertension)

Answer

Increased respiratory rate (tachypnea)

Answer

Widening of the nostrils (nasal flaring)

Answer

Bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis)

Question 13

What is the initial treatment of choice for a pediatric patient with suspected croup?

Accepted Answer

Administering nebulized racemic epinephrine

Answer

Administering oral steroids

Answer

Providing oxygen therapy only

Answer

Prescribing antibiotics

Question 14

What is the primary goal of chest physiotherapy in children?

Accepted Answer

Improving the clearance of mucus from the lungs

Answer

Reducing respiratory muscle fatigue

Answer

Increasing lung capacity

Answer

Preventing lung collapse (atelectasis)

Question 15

When examining a pediatric patient, which technique is employed to assess for retractions?

Accepted Answer

Inspection

Answer

Percussion

Answer

Auscultation

Answer

Palpation

Question 16

For a healthy pediatric patient, what is the typical pulse oximetry reading?

Accepted Answer

94-100%

Answer

88-92%

Answer

99-105%

Answer

85-90%

Question 17

For the assessment of pneumothorax, which radiographic view is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Lateral decubitus view

Answer

Posteroanterior (PA) view

Answer

Anteroposterior (AP) view

Answer

Oblique view

Question 18

For a 5-year-old child, what is the normal range for respiratory rate?

Accepted Answer

20-25 breaths per minute

Answer

15-20 breaths per minute

Answer

25-30 breaths per minute

Answer

30-35 breaths per minute

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary parameter measured by pulse oximetry?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen saturation

Answer

Carbon dioxide levels

Question 20

Which of the following is the most common radiographic finding suggestive of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Atelectasis

Question 21

The normal range for pulse oximetry readings in healthy infants and children is:

Accepted Answer

94-98%

Answer

90-94%

Answer

98-102%

Answer

102-106%

Question 22

Which chest X-ray finding suggests pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Infiltrates

Answer

Atelectasis

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 23

The most common cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants is:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Adenovirus

Question 24

The initial treatment of choice for a severe asthma exacerbation in children is:

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol administration

Answer

Oxygen administration

Answer

Prednisone administration

Answer

Intubation and mechanical ventilation

Question 25

Which of the following is the primary underlying cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of surfactant production

Answer

Immaturity of the respiratory muscles

Answer

Congenital heart defects

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 26

Which of the listed complications is most frequently encountered in pediatric patients receiving mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Atelectasis

Answer

Tracheobronchitis

Answer

Sepsis

Question 27

What is the first-line therapeutic intervention for managing severe asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of beta-agonists

Answer

Oral corticosteroid administration

Answer

Intravenous antibiotic therapy

Answer

Administration of magnesium sulfate

Question 28

What is the primary objective of chest physical therapy in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Mobilizing airway secretions

Answer

Improving oxygenation

Answer

Reducing inflammation

Answer

Strengthening the diaphragm

Question 29

Which of the following is the most common cause of pleural effusion in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Congestive heart failure

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 30

On a chest radiograph, which finding is most indicative of consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Increased opacity

Answer

Diminished opacity

Answer

Air bronchogram

Answer

Interstitial markings

Question 31

For supplemental oxygen administration in pediatric patients, why is a nasal cannula generally preferred over a face mask?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced patient comfort and better compliance

Answer

Higher oxygen concentration delivery

Answer

Reduced risk of aspiration

Answer

Lower cost

Question 32

Chest physiotherapy is contraindicated in pediatric patients with respiratory distress when which of the following is present?

Accepted Answer

Unstable vital signs

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Increased secretions

Answer

Atelectasis

Question 33

Which method is most effective for assessing respiratory muscle fatigue in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragmatic excursion measurement

Answer

Lung auscultation

Answer

Capillary refill time

Answer

Breath sounds assessment

Question 34

Which respiratory monitoring parameter has the strongest association with respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypercapnia

Answer

Hypocapnia

Answer

Increased pH

Answer

Decreased pH

Question 35

What is the primary distinction between a wheeze and a stridor?

Accepted Answer

Wheeze signifies airway narrowing, while stridor signifies upper airway obstruction.

Answer

Wheeze is a high-pitched sound, while stridor is a low-pitched sound.

Answer

Wheeze is a continuous sound, while stridor is an intermittent sound.

Answer

Wheeze is heard during expiration, while stridor is heard during inspiration.

Question 36

Which intervention is most effective in reducing the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia in a hospitalized pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Meticulous hand hygiene

Answer

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer

Early extubation

Answer

Incentive spirometry

Question 37

What is the normal range for oxygen saturation in a healthy child?

Accepted Answer

95-100%

Answer

85-90%

Answer

90-94%

Answer

80-84%

Question 38

Which of the following chest radiographic findings is suggestive of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Hilar adenopathy

Answer

Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of nasal cannula oxygen delivery?

Accepted Answer

To provide supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate arterial oxygen saturation.

Answer

To clear secretions.

Answer

To reduce airway resistance.

Question 40

Which of the following respiratory rates is considered tachypnea in a 1-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

>40 breaths per minute

Answer

<40 breaths per minute

Answer

>30 breaths per minute

Answer

<30 breaths per minute

Question 41

What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 42

What is the recommended oxygen flow rate for nasal cannula delivery in a child with mild respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

0.5-2 L/min

Answer

<0.5 L/min

Answer

>4 L/min

Answer

>2 L/min

Question 43

A 6-month-old infant with bronchiolitis has a respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute and a pulse oximetry reading of 92%. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Administer oxygen via nasal cannula and monitor closely

Answer

Monitor for signs of respiratory distress only

Answer

Increase fluid intake only

Answer

Perform chest physiotherapy

Question 44

Which of the following auscultatory findings is indicative of wheezing?

Accepted Answer

High-pitched, prolonged expiratory whistling sound

Answer

Fine, popping expiratory crackles

Answer

Low-pitched, discontinuous inspiratory crackles

Question 45

A chest radiograph of a child with pneumonia typically shows what predominant finding?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar consolidation

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Lobar atelectasis

Question 46

Which of the following is a contraindication to pulse oximetry?

Accepted Answer

Severe anemia (hemoglobin < 5 g/dL)

Answer

Prematurity (gestational age < 37 weeks)

Answer

Meconium staining

Answer

Peripheral edema

Question 47

A child with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is being monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter. Which of the following parameters reflects oxygenation status?

Accepted Answer

PaO2/FiO2 ratio

Answer

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Answer

Mixed venous oxygen saturation

Answer

Cardiac output

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of tachypnea?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate greater than 60 breaths per minute

Answer

Abnormally shallow depth of respiration (hypopnea)

Answer

Abnormal pattern of breathing (e.g., Cheyne-Stokes respiration)

Question 49

A child with suspected cystic fibrosis is undergoing a sweat test. A positive result, indicating the presence of cystic fibrosis, is characterized by what chloride concentration in the child's sweat?

Accepted Answer

Greater than 60 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L)

Answer

Between 30 and 60 mEq/L

Answer

Less than 10 mEq/L

Answer

Between 10 and 30 mEq/L

Question 50

A child with asthma is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following medications is the recommended first-line therapy?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol (short-acting beta-agonist)

Answer

Montelukast (leukotriene modifier)

Answer

Salmeterol (long-acting beta-agonist)

Answer

Cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer)