Kidney Disease Learning Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of glomerular disease?

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

Lupus nephritis

Question 2

What is the first-line therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Immunosuppressants

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Question 3

What is the definitive treatment for polycystic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Kidney transplantation

Answer

Medications

Answer

Lifestyle modifications

Answer

Dialysis

Question 4

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

To filter blood

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Answer

To produce urine

Answer

To secrete hormones

Question 5

What is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Clear cell

Answer

Papillary

Answer

Chromophobe

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 6

What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Filter blood plasma to form filtrate

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Answer

Reabsorb sodium and chloride ions

Answer

Secrete hormones that regulate fluid balance

Question 7

Glomerulonephritis can be classified based on its histological features. Which of the following types of glomerulonephritis is characterized by the presence of crescents?

Accepted Answer

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 8

Which of the following is a leading cause of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Chronic heart failure

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Question 9

What is the defining characteristic of chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3+ months

Answer

Proteinuria above 3.5 g/day

Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Hypertension

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of end-stage renal disease?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 11

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Constrict blood vessels

Answer

Enhance sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Answer

Release vasodilators

Answer

Inhibit the production of renin

Question 12

Which diagnostic test is most specific for glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Urinalysis with microscopic examination

Answer

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measurement

Answer

Creatinine clearance calculation

Answer

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation

Question 13

What is the main objective of peritoneal dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood

Answer

Correct electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Answer

Prevent infection

Question 14

What is the most prevalent type of kidney stone in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate stones

Answer

Uric acid stones

Answer

Struvite stones

Answer

Cystine stones

Question 15

Which type of kidney disease specifically affects the glomeruli, causing inflammation and damage?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Nephrolithiasis

Answer

Renal failure

Question 16

In cases of acute kidney injury, what is the initial treatment approach?

Accepted Answer

Administration of intravenous fluids

Answer

Dialysis

Answer

Prescription of antibiotics

Answer

Surgical intervention

Question 17

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Question 18

What is the primary reason for performing a renal biopsy?

Accepted Answer

Identify the underlying cause of kidney disease

Answer

Determine the severity of kidney damage

Answer

Monitor the effectiveness of current treatment

Answer

Predict the long-term outcome of kidney disease

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Edema

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Hypertension

Question 20

Which of the following is a primary risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Nephrolithiasis

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 21

Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by a rapidly progressive course, high urine protein levels, and a crescent-shaped appearance on biopsy?

Accepted Answer

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

Minimal change disease

Question 22

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Create a concentration gradient in the renal medulla to facilitate water reabsorption

Answer

Reabsorb sodium and water

Answer

Filter blood and produce urine

Question 23

Which of the following is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Nephrolithiasis

Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Question 24

What is the primary goal of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)?

Accepted Answer

Compensate for lost renal function and maintain homeostasis

Answer

Control blood pressure

Answer

Prevent infection

Answer

Improve nutritional status

Question 25

A patient presents with edema, proteinuria, and hypertension. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 26

Which of the following is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Renin secretion

Answer

Vitamin D synthesis

Answer

Erythropoietin production

Question 27

A patient with end-stage renal disease is being considered for kidney transplantation. Which of the following is the most important factor to consider in determining donor compatibility?

Accepted Answer

HLA matching

Answer

Age

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Gender

Question 28

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Low sodium intake

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Adequate hydration

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Proteinuria

Answer

Polyuria

Question 30

Which of the following is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Goodpasture syndrome

Answer

Anti-GBM disease

Answer

Lupus nephritis

Question 31

Which of the following is a complication of chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Hepatic failure

Question 32

Which of the following is a sign of renal tubular acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Hypernatremia

Question 33

Which of the following is a predominant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Accepted Answer

Ischemia-reperfusion injury

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Primary glomerular disease

Question 34

Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by rapidly progressive loss of kidney function and the presence of crescents in the glomeruli?

Accepted Answer

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 35

Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is a hallmark of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 36

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for kidney transplantation?

Accepted Answer

Active systemic infection

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Advanced age

Question 37

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Peritonitis

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Vascular access thrombosis

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 38

Which class of drugs is commonly used as first-line antihypertensive therapy in patients with CKD?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 39

Which of the following symptoms is suggestive of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Nocturia

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Oliguria

Question 40

Which laboratory test is primarily used to assess kidney function?

Accepted Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hypertension

Answer

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer

Nephrotoxic medications

Answer

Sepsis

Question 42

The most prevalent type of chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally is:

Accepted Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Interstitial nephritis

Question 43

In children, the most common cause of kidney failure is:

Accepted Answer

Congenital anomalies

Answer

Infections

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Nephrotoxic medications

Question 44

Which of the following is a type of glomerulonephritis, a common cause of CKD?

Accepted Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Interstitial nephritis

Question 45

A 55-year-old male presents with fatigue, edema, and foamy urine. Laboratory findings include proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

Acute glomerulonephritis

Answer

Nephritic syndrome

Answer

Acute kidney injury

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Hypovolemia

Answer

Urinary tract obstruction

Question 47

What is the primary mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in managing diabetic nephropathy?

Accepted Answer

Reduce intraglomerular pressure

Answer

Reduce systemic blood pressure only

Answer

Lower blood glucose levels

Answer

Increase insulin sensitivity

Question 48

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with hyperkalemia. Which of the following treatments would be the most appropriate first-line therapy?

Accepted Answer

Calcium gluconate

Answer

Loop diuretics

Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 49

Which type of kidney stone is most commonly associated with recurrent urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

Struvite

Answer

Calcium oxalate

Answer

Cystine

Answer

Uric acid

Question 50

Which imaging modality is considered the gold standard for evaluating kidney anatomy and detecting renal masses?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Plain radiography (X-ray)

Question 51

What is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 52

Which of the following is a potential complication of peritoneal dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Peritonitis

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Anemia

Question 53

What is the most common hereditary cause of kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

Answer

Fabry disease

Answer

Alport syndrome

Question 54

A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) due to rhabdomyolysis is at risk for which electrolyte abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia