Common Respiratory Diseases: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Histology

Question 1

What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Fungal infection

Answer

Parasitic infection

Question 2

What histological feature is characteristic of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)?

Accepted Answer

Thickened alveolar walls and increased cellularity of the interstitium

Answer

Presence of granulomas

Answer

Loss of cilia

Answer

Increased number of goblet cells

Question 3

What is the first-line treatment for pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Anticoagulants

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Thrombolytics

Answer

Surgery

Question 4

Which of the following is a common symptom of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Coughing up blood

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Fever

Question 5

Identify the hallmark clinical symptom of asthma.

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Headache

Answer

Cough

Answer

Fatigue

Question 6

Which type of inflammatory cells is most prevalent in the inflammatory response associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Mast cells

Question 7

Which pathological characteristic uniquely distinguishes the respiratory condition known as cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Excessive production of thick, tenacious mucus

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Atelectasis

Question 8

In community-acquired pneumonia, what is the most common causative microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 9

Identify the primary risk factor for lung cancer.

Accepted Answer

Tobacco smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Exposure to air pollution

Question 10

Which histological feature is characteristic of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)?

Accepted Answer

Organizing pneumonia pattern

Answer

Interstitial fibrosis

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 11

Which symptom is commonly experienced in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Hemoptysis

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 12

Which type of pleural effusion is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Transudative

Answer

Exudative

Answer

Hemothorax

Answer

Chylothorax

Question 13

In sarcoidosis, the presence of which histological entity is considered a diagnostic hallmark?

Accepted Answer

Non-caseating granulomas

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Abscesses

Answer

Caseating granulomas

Question 14

For patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), what is the most common cause of mortality?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory failure

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Cardiac failure

Answer

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of acute bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea at rest

Answer

Fever

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Productive cough

Question 16

What is the primary cause of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation and destruction of lung tissue caused by smoking or occupational exposure to irritants

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Question 17

What is the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic pathological feature of interstitial lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and scarring of the lung tissue

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Bronchial obstruction

Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 19

What is the primary symptom of an acute asthma attack?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Answer

Dyspnea

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Pulmonary rehabilitation

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Question 21

What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 22

Which of the following is a characteristic pathological feature of sarcoidosis?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatous inflammation of the lungs

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Bronchial obstruction

Question 23

What is the most common complication of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

Death

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 24

Which type of pneumonia is most commonly diagnosed in the community setting?

Accepted Answer

Community-acquired pneumonia

Answer

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Answer

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Answer

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 25

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of chronic bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Productive cough

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Fever

Question 26

What is the primary underlying cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

Severe lung injury

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Aspiration

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for lung cancer development?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity

Answer

Family history

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Exposure to radon

Question 28

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Tuberculin skin test

Question 29

What is the primary mechanism by which inhaled corticosteroids work to manage asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Antimicrobial activity

Answer

Immunosuppression

Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 30

What is the defining histological feature of cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Mucus plugging of airways

Answer

Neoplasia of the bronchial mucosa

Answer

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma

Question 31

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Female gender

Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Answer

Frequent physical activity

Question 32

The primary mechanism of bronchoconstriction in asthma is the:

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine and leukotrienes from mast cells

Answer

Inflammatory cell infiltration

Answer

Increased mucus production

Answer

Edema of the airway walls

Question 33

Which of the following lung diseases is characterized by the formation of granulomas?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Bronchitis

Question 34

The most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is:

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 35

The primary treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax is:

Accepted Answer

Chest tube insertion

Answer

Observation

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the interstitial lung diseases?

Accepted Answer

Airway obstruction

Answer

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma

Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Dyspnea

Question 37

Which of the following is a type of immunotherapy used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?

Accepted Answer

Pembrolizumab

Answer

Carboplatin

Answer

Docetaxel

Answer

Cisplatin

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of acute bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Cough

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Fever

Question 39

What is the most common etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 40

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for the development of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hypertension

Question 41

What is the characteristic histological finding in emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of air spaces

Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Infiltration of inflammatory cells

Answer

Thickening of alveolar walls

Question 42

Which of the following is a type of interstitial lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Chronic bronchitis

Question 43

What is the primary mechanism of action of bronchodilators?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of airway smooth muscle

Answer

Reduction of inflammation

Answer

Prevention of bronchospasm

Answer

Inhibition of mucus production

Question 44

Which of the following is a contraindication for the systemic use of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled hypertension

Answer

Mild asthma

Answer

Frequent exacerbations

Answer

History of peptic ulcer disease

Question 45

What is the recommended screening test for lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT)

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Sputum cytology

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 46

Which of the following is a type of sleep-disordered breathing characterized by repeated episodes of apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Chronic bronchitis

Question 47

What is the most common post-operative complication following thoracic surgery?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Chylothorax

Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Infection

Question 48

Which type of respiratory disease is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 49

What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Chronic smoking

Answer

Bacterial infection

Question 50

Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Hoarseness

Answer

Cough

Answer

Fever

Answer

Chest pain

Question 51

What is the most common type of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Small cell lung cancer

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 52

Which of the following treatments is NOT typically used for the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Leukotriene modifiers

Question 53

What is the primary function of surfactant in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To reduce surface tension at the air-liquid interface

Answer

To facilitate gas exchange

Answer

To protect the lungs from infection

Question 54

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Family history of asthma

Answer

Exposure to air pollution

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 55

What is the histological hallmark of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of alveoli with destruction of alveolar walls

Answer

Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung tissue

Answer

Thickening of bronchiolar walls

Question 56

Which of the following imaging modalities is best suited for evaluating the presence of pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 57

What is the goal of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with respiratory diseases?

Accepted Answer

To improve exercise capacity and quality of life

Answer

To cure the underlying disease

Answer

To reduce the need for hospitalization

Answer

To prevent the progression of the disease