Nervous System Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Secreting hormones

Answer

Processing and interpreting sensory information

Answer

Controlling voluntary and involuntary movement

Answer

Storing memories

Question 2

The primary cell type responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Schwann cell

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which region of the brain is responsible for coordinating complex motor functions such as walking and reaching?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 4

The myelin sheath, primarily found in the CNS, is a lipid-rich covering that:

Accepted Answer

Increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Answer

Provides structural support to neurons

Answer

Protects neurons from damage

Answer

Facilitates neurotransmitter release

Question 5

The primary sensory receptor for touch, particularly fine touch and texture discrimination, is the:

Accepted Answer

Meissner's corpuscle

Answer

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer

Free nerve ending

Answer

Hair follicle

Question 6

Within the CNS, which cell type is responsible for supporting and nourishing neurons, forming the blood-brain barrier, and regulating the extracellular environment?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Schwann cell

Question 7

The protective layers surrounding the spinal cord, from outermost to innermost, are collectively known as the:

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a sympathetic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Long axons and cell bodies located in peripheral ganglia

Answer

Short axons and cell bodies located in the central nervous system

Answer

Releases acetylcholine as its primary neurotransmitter

Answer

Functions primarily in rest-and-digest responses

Question 9

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) primarily serves to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood

Answer

Allow free passage of all substances from the blood to the brain

Answer

Facilitate the transport of essential nutrients to the brain

Answer

Regulate blood flow to the brain

Question 10

Which primary function does the neuron's myelin sheath serve?

Accepted Answer

Enabling the rapid conduction of electrical signals

Answer

Preserving the neuron from harm

Answer

Enhancing the neuron's metabolic rate

Answer

Preventing the leakage of ions across the neuron's membrane

Question 11

Which neuroglia type is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Question 12

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles responsible for facial expressions?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 13

In which lobe of the brain is the primary sensory cortex located?

Accepted Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter plays a primary role in transmitting pain signals within the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Substance P

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Glycine

Answer

GABA

Question 15

Which of the following functions is associated with the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating voluntary movements

Answer

Regulating heart rate

Answer

Processing visual information

Answer

Forming new memories

Question 16

Which type of receptor is responsible for sensing mechanical stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Mechanoreceptors

Answer

Thermoreceptors

Answer

Chemoreceptors

Answer

Photoreceptors

Question 17

The sympathetic nervous system primarily regulates which type of responses?

Accepted Answer

Fight-or-flight responses

Answer

Rest-and-digest responses

Answer

Regulation of sleep-wake cycles

Answer

Control of body temperature

Question 18

Which of the following indicates a lesion in the corticospinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Weakness on one side of the body

Answer

Loss of sensation on one side of the body

Answer

Involuntary movements

Answer

Difficulty with speech

Question 19

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Provide support and insulation to neurons in the CNS

Answer

Transmit electrical signals in the PNS

Answer

Facilitate neurotransmission in the CNS

Answer

Protect neurons from damage

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries with large pores

Answer

Tight junctions between endothelial cells

Answer

Astrocyte end-feet

Answer

Specialized transport proteins

Question 21

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by neurons of the cholinergic system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Question 22

What is the main difference between a sensory receptor and an afferent neuron?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptors detect stimuli, while afferent neurons transmit signals to the CNS

Answer

Sensory receptors generate electrical signals, while afferent neurons release neurotransmitters

Answer

Sensory receptors are located in the periphery, while afferent neurons are located in the CNS

Answer

There is no difference between a sensory receptor and an afferent neuron

Question 23

What is the primary function of the myelin sheaths formed by Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Answer

Protect neurons from damage

Answer

Mediate synaptic transmission

Answer

Generate action potentials

Question 24

Which neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 25

What is the primary function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Emotion and memory

Answer

Motor coordination

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Language processing

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglial cell type in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Question 27

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in a myelinated neuron?

Accepted Answer

Provide insulation to increase conduction velocity

Answer

Generate action potentials

Answer

Synthesize neurotransmitters

Answer

Transport nutrients to the neuron

Question 28

Which type of neuron carries sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Projection neuron

Question 29

What is the main neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Question 30

Which region of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter

Answer

White matter

Answer

Central canal

Answer

Dorsal horn

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from potentially harmful substances

Answer

Regulate ion concentrations in the brain

Answer

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Transmit sensory information

Question 32

Which of the following structures is responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Vestibular apparatus

Answer

Cochlea

Answer

Olfactory epithelium

Answer

Retina

Question 33

Which of the following is a characteristic neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

Reduced levels of dopamine

Answer

Inflammation and demyelination

Answer

Axonal degeneration and Schwann cell proliferation

Question 34

What is the primary imaging technique used to evaluate and monitor multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Question 35

Which brainstem component is responsible for controlling involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Midbrain

Answer

Pons

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 36

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as reasoning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 37

Which type of neuron transmits sensory information from the body to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Question 38

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscle movement is the:

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central peripheral system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 39

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 40

Which cranial nerve transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve

Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Question 41

The reflex arc, a fundamental unit of motor control, involves the following sequence:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor neuron -> Effector

Answer

Effector -> Motor neuron -> Interneuron -> Sensory neuron -> Receptor

Answer

Interneuron -> Motor neuron -> Sensory neuron -> Receptor -> Stimulus

Question 42

Which neurological condition is characterized by the progressive deterioration of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Question 43

Which of the following functions is regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Voluntary movement

Answer

Conscious thought

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a region of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cervical

Answer

Lumbar

Answer

Thoracic

Question 45

Which type of neuron carries signals away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Interneuron

Question 46

Which brain structure is involved in maintaining homeostasis, regulating body temperature, and controlling hunger?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 47

Which function is performed by the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

Answer

Processing higher-order cognitive functions

Answer

Controlling voluntary movement

Question 48

Which cell in the peripheral nervous system produces the myelin sheath that insulates axons?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Astrocyte

Question 49

Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for "fight-or-flight" responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Enteric

Answer

Somatic

Answer

Parasympathetic

Question 50

Which layer of the meninges is the outermost and most protective?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Ependyma

Question 51

Which of the following is a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Formation of amyloid plaques

Answer

Increased production of myelin

Answer

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord (encephalitis)

Answer

Loss of dopamine-producing neurons

Question 52

Which advanced imaging technique is commonly used to visualize the detailed structure of the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)