Endocrine System Physiology Quizzes | Clinical Medicine | Doctor of Medicine

Question 1

Which hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 2

Which hormone plays a primary role in stimulating the breakdown of glycogen and the production of glucose, leading to increased blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 4

What is the principal function of the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production and release

Answer

Hormone storage

Answer

Hormone regulation

Answer

Neurotransmitter synthesis

Question 5

Which gland is responsible for secreting prolactin?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 6

What is the primary mechanism of action of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Binding to nuclear receptors

Answer

Binding to cytoplasmic receptors

Answer

Activation of G-proteins

Answer

Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase

Question 7

Which hormone is critical for normal growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Question 8

What is the primary hormone involved in regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Question 9

Which type of feedback loop occurs when a hormone inhibits its own secretion?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Ultradian feedback

Answer

Circadian feedback

Question 10

What is the primary hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Testosterone

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord hormones

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Glucagon

Question 12

What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Answer

Mineral storage

Answer

Neurotransmitter release

Answer

Lymphocyte production

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 14

Which pancreatic hormone chiefly regulates blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 15

Which gland secretes the hormone aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands (zona glomerulosa)

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 16

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Question 17

Which type of hormone receptor is coupled to G-proteins?

Accepted Answer

G-protein coupled receptor

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channel receptor

Answer

Voltage-gated ion channel receptor

Answer

Nuclear receptor

Question 18

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Produce enzymes

Answer

Secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Answer

Ductless

Answer

Target their effects on specific cells or organs

Question 20

Which hormone is involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 21

Which gland produces the hormone melatonin?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 22

Which hormone released by the hypothalamus triggers the production of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Somatotropin-releasing hormone (SRH)

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 23

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake into cells, and inhibiting glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 24

Which gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), a hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 25

Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of cortisol, a hormone released in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates lipolysis and inhibits immune responses

Answer

Increases protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis

Answer

Decreases blood glucose levels and protein catabolism

Answer

Promotes bone growth and calcium absorption

Question 26

Which characteristic is a hallmark of a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system, ensuring hormone levels are tightly regulated?

Accepted Answer

The hormone inhibits its own secretion

Answer

The hormone stimulates its own secretion

Answer

The hormone stimulates the secretion of a different hormone

Answer

The hormone inhibits the secretion of a different hormone

Question 27

Which gland is responsible for producing and secreting thyroid hormones, essential for metabolism and growth?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 28

Which hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, regulating calcium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 29

Which part of the adrenal glands is responsible for secreting stress hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Answer

Adrenal cortex

Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

Zona fasciculata

Question 30

Which disorder is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, resulting in decreased metabolic rate and other symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 31

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 32

Insulin is primarily responsible for which physiological function?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Stimulating thyroid hormone production

Answer

Increasing heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Promoting milk production

Question 33

Which gland secretes prolactin, the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Ovary

Question 34

The negative feedback mechanism involved in regulating thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion involves:

Accepted Answer

Increased levels of T3 and T4

Answer

Decreased levels of TSH

Answer

Increased production of thyroxine-binding globulin

Answer

Stimulation of the hypothalamus by dopamine

Question 35

Which hormone increases blood pressure and heart rate in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Glucagon

Question 36

The primary function of the adrenal cortex is to:

Accepted Answer

Produce steroid hormones

Answer

Regulate blood sugar levels

Answer

Secrete growth hormone

Answer

Store hormones for later release

Question 37

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 38

The distinction between endocrine and exocrine glands lies in their:

Accepted Answer

Secretions (hormones vs. enzymes) and target (bloodstream vs. ducts)

Answer

Secretions (enzymes vs. hormones) and target (ducts vs. bloodstream)

Answer

Both secretions (hormones and enzymes) and targets (bloodstream and ducts)

Answer

Neither secretions nor targets are distinguishing factors

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic polypeptide

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 40

The hypothalamus's primary role in the endocrine system is to:

Accepted Answer

Control hormone secretion from the pituitary gland

Answer

Produce hormones that directly regulate target organs

Answer

Store and release hormones on demand

Answer

Monitor blood levels of hormones

Question 41

In mammals, which hormone plays the primary role in regulating calcium homeostasis and is functionally similar to calcitonin in fish?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 42

During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which hormonal profile is observed?

Accepted Answer

Low FSH and LH, high progesterone, low estrogen

Answer

High FSH and LH, high estrogen, low progesterone

Answer

High FSH and LH, high progesterone, low estrogen

Answer

Low FSH and LH, high estrogen, low progesterone

Question 43

How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium and phosphate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate

Answer

Increases serum calcium and increases serum phosphate

Answer

Decreases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate

Answer

Decreases serum calcium and increases serum phosphate

Question 44

Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 45

Which endocrine gland is responsible for releasing the hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormone action?

Accepted Answer

Irreversible effects

Answer

Target-cell specificity

Answer

Rapid response

Answer

Reversible effects

Question 47

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 48

Which condition is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Grave's disease

Question 49

Which hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, regulates calcium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 50

Which endocrine gland, located in the brain, is involved in regulating body temperature and thirst?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 51

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Thyroxine