Clinical Histology Learning Quizzes - Master Histology for Medical Diagnosis

Question 1

In a liver biopsy, which histological feature is indicative of chronic hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Bridging fibrosis

Answer

Normal liver structure

Answer

Significant steatosis

Answer

Abundant Kupffer cells

Question 2

In immunohistochemistry, what is the most common cause of a false-positive result?

Accepted Answer

Antibody cross-reactivity

Answer

Excessive target protein expression

Answer

Inadequate tissue preparation

Answer

Elevated background staining

Question 3

What staining technique is best for visualizing elastic fibers in tissue samples?

Accepted Answer

Masson's Trichrome

Answer

Hematoxylin and Eosin

Answer

Periodic Acid-Schiff

Answer

Oil Red O

Question 4

The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in a biopsy is indicative of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 5

Which histological grade of breast cancer is associated with a favorable prognosis?

Accepted Answer

Grade 1

Answer

Grade 2

Answer

Grade 3

Answer

Grade 4

Question 6

Which common histological finding is observed in hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Follicular hyperplasia

Answer

Follicular atrophy

Answer

Papillary hyperplasia

Answer

Cystic degeneration

Question 7

The presence of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers within the gastrointestinal tract mucosa is indicative of:

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer

Normal histology

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Celiac disease

Question 8

Which histological stain is specifically used to highlight amyloid deposits?

Accepted Answer

Congo red

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin

Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff

Answer

Trichrome

Question 9

Which histological feature in a gastric biopsy strongly suggests Helicobacter pylori infection?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 10

In a biopsy of a thyroid nodule, the presence of numerous Hürthle cells suggests:

Accepted Answer

Follicular adenoma

Answer

Papillary carcinoma

Answer

Medullary carcinoma

Question 11

Which histological pattern is a hallmark of squamous cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Keratin pearls

Answer

Glandular lumina

Answer

Smooth muscle proliferation

Question 12

In a biopsy of a lymph node, what cell type would be expected in a reactive hyperplasia?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Plasma cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 13

Which staining technique is commonly employed to highlight collagen fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Masson's trichrome

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin

Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff

Question 14

In a biopsy of a kidney, what histological feature is indicative of acute tubular necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Sloughing of tubular epithelium

Answer

Dilated tubules filled with casts

Answer

Tubular atrophy and fibrosis

Question 15

Which histological pattern is characteristic of a neurofibroma?

Accepted Answer

Antoni A and Antoni B areas

Answer

Cellular atypia and mitosis

Answer

Psammoma bodies

Question 16

In a biopsy of the skin, what type of cells would be present in a melanocytic nevus?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Basal cells

Answer

Keratinocytes

Question 17

In a biopsy of the liver, what histological feature would be indicative of chronic hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Portal fibrosis and inflammation

Answer

Centrilobular necrosis

Answer

Parenchymal atrophy

Question 18

A biopsy from a colorectal adenocarcinoma patient reveals characteristic microscopic features. Which of the following options accurately describes these features?

Accepted Answer

Increased goblet cells, excessive mucin, abnormal nuclei, and invasion into surrounding tissues

Answer

Thickened epidermis, increased keratin, absent rete pegs, and abnormal cells

Answer

Reduced lymphoid follicles, missing germinal centers, and fibrous tissue replacement

Question 19

Elaborate on the ethical considerations when utilizing patient tissue samples for research and explain the governing guidelines and regulations for the ethical use of human tissue in research.

Accepted Answer

Guidelines and regulations established by institutional review boards and government agencies govern the ethical use of human tissue in research.

Answer

Researchers have unrestricted authority to utilize patient tissue samples for research without acquiring consent.

Answer

Informed consent is the sole ethical consideration when using patient tissue samples in research.

Answer

Researchers are not obligated to share research findings with patients who provided tissue samples.

Question 20

In a lung biopsy, the presence of atypical pneumocytes with prominent nucleoli is most suggestive of which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lung adenocarcinoma

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Question 21

The presence of signet-ring cells in a gastric biopsy is suggestive of which of the following diagnoses?

Accepted Answer

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer

Gastric ulcer

Answer

Gastritis

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 22

Which of the following biopsy techniques requires local anesthesia and involves removing a small piece of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Punch biopsy

Answer

Fine-needle aspiration

Answer

Endoscopic biopsy

Answer

Superficial scraping

Question 23

Microscopic examination of a kidney biopsy reveals a thickened glomerular basement membrane. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer

Acute glomerulonephritis

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Question 24

In a skin biopsy, the presence of multinucleated giant cells and caseous necrosis is most suggestive of which of the following infections?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

Leprosy

Answer

Candidiasis

Question 25

In clinical histology, which of the following techniques is **NOT** commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Radiology

Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Question 26

Which of the following tissue types is characterized by tightly packed epithelial cells with minimal extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Epithelium

Answer

Connective tissue

Answer

Muscle tissue

Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 27

What does the term 'well-differentiated' indicate in a biopsy report?

Accepted Answer

Cells that closely resemble normal cells

Answer

Cells that show signs of abnormal growth

Answer

Cells that have lost their specialized functions

Answer

Cells that are challenging to identify under a microscope

Question 28

Which stain is used to identify the presence of glycogen in tissue sections?

Accepted Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin

Answer

Masson's trichrome

Answer

Gomori's reticulin

Question 29

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid within cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydropic degeneration

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Fibrosis

Question 30

Which of the following is a type of non-cancerous tumor?

Accepted Answer

Adenoma

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 31

Which of the following is characterized by abnormal cell division and uncontrolled cell growth?

Accepted Answer

Neoplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Apoptosis

Question 32

Immunohistochemistry is primarily used to detect:

Accepted Answer

Specific proteins in tissue sections

Answer

Infectious agents

Answer

Genetic mutations

Answer

Hormonal imbalances

Question 33

Which histological feature is characteristic of a poorly differentiated carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Anaplastic cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant mitotic figures

Answer

Well-demarcated borders and uniform cell morphology

Answer

Absence of tubular and glandular structures

Answer

Abundant stroma and minimal cellularity

Question 34

Identify the histological pattern associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung:

Accepted Answer

Nest formation and keratin pearl production

Answer

Fibrosis and atypical cellular proliferation

Answer

Pseudoglandular formation

Answer

Comedo-type necrosis

Question 35

Which of the following stains is primarily used to highlight the presence of elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Masson's trichrome

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin

Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff

Answer

Congo red

Question 36

In the context of endometrial biopsy, the presence of atypical hyperplasia without invasion is categorized as:

Accepted Answer

Premalignant

Answer

Benign

Answer

Malignant

Answer

Indeterminate

Question 37

Which histological feature is most indicative of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Infiltration of neutrophils

Answer

Presence of macrophages

Answer

Fibrosis and scarring

Answer

Granulation tissue formation

Question 38

Identify the type of biopsy that involves removing a small portion of tissue using a circular blade:

Accepted Answer

Punch biopsy

Answer

Fine-needle aspiration

Answer

Needle biopsy

Answer

Excisional biopsy

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a common artifact encountered in tissue processing?

Accepted Answer

Preserved cellular morphology

Answer

Tissue shrinkage

Answer

Tissue distortion

Answer

Nuclear pyknosis

Question 40

In the context of liver biopsy, which histological feature is suggestive of chronic hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Portal inflammation and fibrosis

Answer

Steatosis and ballooning degeneration

Answer

Bridging necrosis

Answer

Cirrhosis

Question 41

Which of the following is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer

Lipid storage

Question 42

Identify the type of microscopy that utilizes ultraviolet light to excite fluorophores:

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Confocal microscopy

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer

Transitional epithelium

Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 44

In the skin, the primary role of the epidermis is to:

Accepted Answer

Provide a barrier against the external environment

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Produce hair follicles

Answer

Store adipose tissue

Question 45

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell proliferation

Answer

Slow growth rate

Answer

Encapsulation by fibrous stroma

Answer

Well-differentiated cells

Question 46

The microscopic examination of a biopsy from a patient's stomach reveals numerous parietal cells. Which of the following is the primary function of parietal cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of hydrochloric acid

Answer

Secretion of pepsin

Answer

Production of mucus

Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 47

Which of the following is the most common type of lung cancer in smokers?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell lung cancer

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Question 48

Which of the following is a biomarker for breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)

Answer

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Answer

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Question 49

Which of the following stains is used to demonstrate the presence of amyloid?

Accepted Answer

Congo red

Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

Answer

Hematoxylin and eosin

Question 50

In the interpretation of a biopsy, which of the following is essential?

Accepted Answer

Correlation of histologic findings with the patient's clinical history and presentation

Answer

Comparison to a single known disease entity

Answer

Assessment of cellular morphology in isolation

Question 51

Which of the following is a benefit of digital pathology in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

Improved efficiency, accessibility, and collaboration in diagnostic services

Answer

Reduced need for pathologists

Answer

Elimination of the need for physical biopsies