Input/Output Systems: A Comprehensive Guide for Computer Science Students

Question 1

Which file system organization utilizes inodes to represent files and directories?

Accepted Answer

Fourth Extended File System (Ext4)

Answer

File Allocation Table (FAT)

Answer

New Technology File System (NTFS)

Answer

Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)

Question 2

Which file system organization allocates storage space in fixed-size blocks?

Accepted Answer

Block-based

Answer

Inode-based

Answer

Character-based

Answer

Record-based

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a recognized file system type in modern operating systems?

Accepted Answer

JPG

Answer

FAT

Answer

NTFS

Answer

Ext4

Question 4

In file system organization, which component represents file metadata and data storage units?

Accepted Answer

Inodes and blocks

Answer

Paging and segmentation

Answer

RAID levels

Answer

Device drivers

Question 5

Which file system is predominantly utilized by Linux operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Ext4

Answer

FAT

Answer

NTFS

Answer

HFS+

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a file system organization method used in input/output systems?

Accepted Answer

Segments

Answer

Inodes

Answer

Blocks

Answer

Directories

Question 7

Which RAID level is not a valid configuration?

Accepted Answer

RAID 2

Answer

RAID 0

Answer

RAID 1

Answer

RAID 5

Question 8

In a system with a high seek time, which disk scheduling algorithm is most effective at reducing the average seek time and enhancing performance?

Accepted Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

SCAN

Answer

Circular SCAN (C-SCAN)

Question 9

In a RAID 1 configuration, what sets it apart from other RAID levels?

Accepted Answer

Data mirroring for redundancy

Answer

Data striping for performance

Answer

Data storage on a single disk

Answer

Data combination for increased capacity

Question 10

Which disk scheduling algorithm follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle and is known for its simplicity?

Accepted Answer

First Come First Served (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

SCAN (Elevator)

Answer

C-SCAN (Circular SCAN)

Question 11

Which disk scheduling algorithm prioritizes servicing the request with the shortest seek time?

Accepted Answer

SSTF (Shortest Seek Time First)

Answer

FCFS (First-Come First-Served)

Answer

SCAN (Elevator Algorithm)

Answer

C-SCAN (Circular SCAN)

Question 12

Which RAID level provides data mirroring without parity, making it suitable for systems with limited storage capacity?

Accepted Answer

RAID 1

Answer

RAID 0

Answer

RAID 5

Answer

RAID 6

Question 13

Which disk scheduling algorithm prioritizes requests based on their closeness to the current disk head position, aiming to minimize average seek time?

Accepted Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

SCAN

Answer

Circular-SCAN (C-SCAN)

Question 14

In a RAID 1 configuration, data is mirrored across multiple disks. Which of the following is a **disadvantage** of using RAID 1?

Accepted Answer

Reduced storage efficiency

Answer

Enhanced data reliability

Answer

Improved read performance

Answer

Protection against data loss due to disk failure

Question 15

Which RAID level lacks data protection due to its storage method?

Accepted Answer

RAID 0

Answer

RAID 1

Answer

RAID 5

Answer

RAID 6

Question 16

Which of the following is a database management system rather than a file system type?

Accepted Answer

MySQL

Answer

FAT

Answer

NTFS

Answer

Ext4

Question 17

Which of the following algorithms is not specifically designed for disk scheduling?

Accepted Answer

Round Robin

Answer

FCFS (First-Come-First-Served)

Answer

SSTF (Shortest Seek Time First)

Answer

SCAN (Elevator Algorithm)

Question 18

Which RAID level strikes a balance between data integrity and performance, providing enhanced data protection without significantly sacrificing performance compared to other RAID levels?

Accepted Answer

RAID 5

Answer

RAID 0

Answer

RAID 1

Answer

RAID 6

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental I/O operation?

Accepted Answer

Sleep

Answer

Read

Answer

Write

Answer

Seek

Question 20

Which disk scheduling algorithm processes requests in the order they arrive?

Accepted Answer

First Come First Serve (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

Scan

Question 21

Which RAID level duplicates data across multiple disks, ensuring data protection without improving performance?

Accepted Answer

RAID 1

Answer

RAID 0

Answer

RAID 5

Answer

RAID 6

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a Disk Scheduling Algorithm?

Accepted Answer

Priority

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

SCAN

Question 23

Which disk scheduling algorithm prioritizes requests based solely on their arrival order at the disk controller?

Accepted Answer

FCFS (First-Come First-Served)

Answer

SSTF (Shortest Seek Time First)

Answer

SCAN (Elevator Algorithm)

Answer

C-SCAN (Circular SCAN)

Question 24

In an operating system, what is the primary purpose of a device driver?

Accepted Answer

To bridge communication between the operating system and specific hardware devices.

Answer

To store data temporarily before it is saved permanently.

Answer

To manage memory allocation for running programs.

Question 25

Which RAID level provides data mirroring without using parity storage?

Accepted Answer

Level 1

Answer

Level 0

Answer

Level 5

Answer

Level 6

Question 26

Which interface is primarily used to connect input devices like keyboards and mice?

Accepted Answer

PS/2

Answer

PCIe

Answer

HDMI

Answer

SATA

Question 27

In a virtual memory system, which technique enables the operating system to load pages into memory only when required?

Accepted Answer

Demand paging

Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Scatter/gather DMA

Question 28

In a FAT file system, which data structure is responsible for tracking the physical locations of a file's data blocks?

Accepted Answer

FAT (File Allocation Table)

Answer

Inode

Answer

Block Table

Answer

Directory Table

Question 29

Which disk scheduling algorithm prioritizes the request with the shortest remaining seek time?

Accepted Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

SCAN

Answer

C-SCAN

Question 30

In a file system that employs an inode table, what is the primary function of an inode?

Accepted Answer

Managing file metadata, such as file permissions, timestamps, and file size

Answer

Storing the actual data contents of the file

Answer

Organizing data blocks into a continuous sequence of storage locations

Answer

Facilitating data encryption and decryption operations

Question 31

In an operating system's Input/Output (I/O) system, what is the primary role of a device driver?

Accepted Answer

Act as a bridge between the operating system and hardware devices, enabling communication and data exchange.

Answer

Manage system resources like memory and CPU time, allocating them to I/O devices.

Answer

Execute low-level hardware operations like data transfer and device initialization, independent of the operating system.

Answer

Provide a user interface for interacting with I/O devices and managing I/O operations.

Question 32

Which of the following is a file compression and archiving format, distinct from file systems used in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

ZIP

Answer

FAT

Answer

NTFS

Answer

Ext4

Question 33

Which disk scheduling algorithm prioritizes minimizing the average time spent seeking data?

Accepted Answer

Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

SCAN

Question 34

How does the file system's buffer cache improve I/O efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Stores frequently used data in memory, reducing disk access

Answer

Increases the file system's size

Answer

Optimizes data writing sequence to the disk

Answer

Decreases the number of I/O requests

Question 35

Which of the following accurately describes the advantages of RAID levels 0 and 1?

Accepted Answer

RAID 0: Enhanced performance; RAID 1: Data redundancy

Answer

RAID 1: Enhanced performance; RAID 0: Data redundancy

Answer

RAID 0 and RAID 1: Both enhanced performance and data redundancy

Question 36

In the context of I/O scheduling algorithms, which factors are critical to consider?

Accepted Answer

Throughput, response time, and fairness

Answer

Disk head movement and seek time

Answer

Memory size and network bandwidth

Question 37

Which I/O technique allows data to be transferred directly between I/O devices without involving the CPU?

Accepted Answer

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

Answer

Programmed I/O

Answer

Interrupt-driven I/O

Answer

Memory-mapped I/O

Question 38

Which type of storage device features non-volatile memory and enables random access to data?

Accepted Answer

Solid-state drive (SSD)

Answer

Hard disk drive (HDD)

Answer

Optical disk drive (ODD)

Answer

Magnetic tape drive (MTD)

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of a file system?

Accepted Answer

To manage and organize files on storage devices

Answer

To convert logical file addresses to physical addresses

Answer

To handle data transfer between memory and I/O devices

Answer

To regulate access permissions and control for files

Question 40

Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing a cached file system?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced performance by storing frequently accessed files in memory

Answer

Heightened data security through file encryption in the cache

Answer

Reduced data vulnerability by maintaining multiple file copies

Answer

Minimized storage requirements by file compression in the cache

Question 41

Which option is NOT a type of I/O bus?

Accepted Answer

Address bus

Answer

Parallel bus

Answer

Serial bus

Answer

Data bus

Question 42

What is the main benefit of implementing a virtual file system (VFS)?

Accepted Answer

Offers a uniform interface to access diverse file systems

Answer

Enhances security by isolating file systems from each other

Answer

Improves performance through caching of frequently used files

Answer

Facilitates remote file access via a network

Question 43

What is the purpose of a device tree in an embedded system?

Accepted Answer

Describes the hardware components and their configuration

Answer

Loads the OS into memory

Answer

Stores I/O device configuration settings

Answer

Controls user access to the system

Question 44

Which metrics are crucial for evaluating file system performance across diverse workloads and file sizes?

Accepted Answer

Throughput, latency, and IOPS

Answer

Capacity, fragmentation, and reliability

Answer

Security, consistency, and scalability

Answer

Portability, compatibility, and usability

Question 45

In hardware virtualization, what is the primary purpose of device drivers?

Accepted Answer

Translate virtual I/O commands into physical I/O commands for specific hardware devices

Answer

Allocate virtual memory for each virtual machine

Answer

Enforce security policies for I/O operations

Question 46

When designing I/O systems to utilize non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, what is a key factor to consider?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring data integrity and reliability

Answer

Reducing latency for data access

Answer

Minimizing power consumption

Answer

Maintaining compatibility with older I/O devices

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT considered an I/O device?

Accepted Answer

CPU

Answer

Keyboard

Answer

Monitor

Answer

Hard drive

Question 48

What is the primary responsibility of a device driver?

Accepted Answer

Translating high-level I/O requests into low-level instructions for the device

Answer

Handling interrupts and managing the communication with the device

Answer

Providing a user-friendly interface for interacting with the device

Answer

Optimizing the performance of the device

Question 49

Which I/O technique involves transferring data in a continuous stream without interrupting the CPU?

Accepted Answer

Direct memory access (DMA)

Answer

Programmed I/O

Answer

Interrupt-driven I/O

Answer

Memory-mapped I/O

Question 50

What is the main purpose of a file system?

Accepted Answer

Organizing data into files and directories for efficient storage and retrieval

Answer

Managing memory allocation for data storage

Answer

Providing a secure mechanism for data protection

Answer

Speeding up data transfer rates

Question 51

What is the primary benefit of caching in I/O systems?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced performance by reducing the frequency of disk accesses

Answer

Backup mechanism in case of disk failure

Answer

Protection against unauthorized access to data

Answer

Reduction in the number of I/O requests sent to the operating system

Question 52

What is the function of a DMA controller in an I/O system?

Accepted Answer

Managing data transfers between I/O devices and memory without involving the CPU

Answer

Generating interrupts when I/O operations are completed

Answer

Providing a user-friendly interface for device configuration

Answer

Optimizing the allocation of system resources

Question 53

Which I/O technique allows data to be transferred directly between memory and I/O devices, bypassing the CPU for data movement?

Accepted Answer

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

Answer

Programmed I/O

Answer

Interrupt-driven I/O

Answer

Memory-mapped I/O

Question 54

What is the primary purpose of a system call in the context of I/O operations?

Accepted Answer

To initiate an I/O operation by requesting services from the operating system

Answer

To handle device-specific operations

Answer

To manage data buffers

Answer

To schedule I/O requests

Question 55

In a distributed file system that supports multiple concurrent writers and emphasizes robust data consistency, which consistency model is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Linearizability

Answer

Causal consistency

Answer

Read-after-write consistency

Answer

Eventual consistency

Question 56

Identify the key components of a typical I/O stack and explain how each component contributes to the overall functionality of the I/O system.

Accepted Answer

Hardware devices, device drivers, operating system, and applications

Answer

CPU, memory, storage, and network

Answer

BIOS, firmware, boot loader, and kernel

Answer

Compiler, linker, assembler, and debugger

Question 57

In cloud computing, what are the key security considerations for managing I/O devices? Explain potential vulnerabilities and best practices for securing I/O operations.

Accepted Answer

Encrypt data, implement granular access controls, and conduct regular security audits

Answer

Rely solely on firewalls and intrusion detection systems

Answer

Focus exclusively on physical security measures

Answer

No specific security considerations are necessary

Question 58

How do distributed file systems ensure data integrity when multiple users write to the same data simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

By using locking mechanisms to grant exclusive write access to one user at a time.

Answer

By assuming no conflicts will occur and implementing optimistic concurrency control.

Answer

By allowing unrestricted concurrent writes and leaving conflict resolution to the application.

Question 59

What is the primary role of a device driver?

Accepted Answer

To translate software commands into hardware-specific instructions

Answer

To provide a graphical user interface for managing I/O devices

Answer

To allocate memory for I/O operations

Question 60

What is the primary benefit of utilizing buffers in an I/O system?

Accepted Answer

To provide temporary storage for data, mitigating data loss and enhancing performance

Answer

To facilitate data conversion between different formats

Answer

To implement error detection and correction mechanisms

Question 61

Which advantage is associated with interrupt-driven I/O?

Accepted Answer

It enables the CPU to execute other tasks while awaiting completion of I/O operations

Answer

It provides faster data transfer rates

Answer

It requires fewer hardware resources compared to other I/O techniques

Question 62

What is the primary distinction between synchronous and asynchronous I/O?

Accepted Answer

Synchronous I/O halts the calling process until the I/O operation completes, whereas asynchronous I/O does not

Answer

Synchronous I/O relies on interrupts, while asynchronous I/O does not

Question 63

What is the main purpose of a device controller in an I/O system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate communication between the I/O device and the system bus

Answer

To manage interrupts generated by the I/O device

Answer

To perform data conversion between the I/O device and the CPU

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a type of I/O device?

Accepted Answer

CPU

Answer

Hard disk drive

Answer

Printer

Answer

Keyboard