Statistics for Big Data: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Quizzes

Question 1

For a skewed data distribution, which measure of central tendency is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Range

Question 2

Which measure of central tendency is most sensitive to extreme values?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 3

Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent samples?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 4

Which of the following is **not** a measure of central tendency in statistics?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Question 5

Which measure of central tendency represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Question 6

Which measure of dispersion indicates the extent to which the data is spread out?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Variance

Answer

Coefficient of variation

Answer

Interquartile range

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Central Limit Theorem?

Accepted Answer

The population variance is known.

Answer

The sample size is sufficiently large.

Answer

The population is normally distributed.

Answer

The sampling is random.

Question 8

What is the relationship between a scatterplot and a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A scatterplot can visualize the strength and direction of a linear relationship, while a correlation coefficient quantifies it.

Answer

A scatterplot shows the distribution of data, while a correlation coefficient indicates the probability of one variable influencing the other.

Answer

A scatterplot is used for categorical data, while a correlation coefficient is used for continuous data.

Answer

There is no relationship between a scatterplot and a correlation coefficient.

Question 9

Which of the following is **not** a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Variance

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 10

Which type of hypothesis test is used specifically for comparing two means?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-squared test

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 11

In a hypothesis test, the null hypothesis represents:

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis that is assumed to be true

Answer

The alternative hypothesis

Answer

The hypothesis that is being tested

Answer

The hypothesis that is rejected

Question 12

The key difference between descriptive and inferential statistics is that:

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics describe data, while inferential statistics make inferences about populations

Answer

Inferential statistics describe data, while descriptive statistics make inferences about populations

Answer

Descriptive statistics are used for small data sets, while inferential statistics are used for large data sets

Answer

Inferential statistics are used for small data sets, while descriptive statistics are used for large data sets

Question 13

The primary purpose of a confidence interval is to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate the true value of a population parameter

Answer

Test a hypothesis about a population parameter

Answer

Describe the distribution of a population

Answer

Predict future values of a variable

Question 14

The distinction between a parameter and a statistic is that:

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a characteristic of a population, while a statistic is a characteristic of a sample

Answer

A statistic is a characteristic of a population, while a parameter is a characteristic of a sample

Answer

Parameters are known, while statistics are estimated

Answer

Statistics are known, while parameters are estimated

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of a histogram in data analysis?

Accepted Answer

To visually represent the distribution of data values

Answer

To compute the mean and standard deviation of the data

Answer

To identify outliers or extreme values in the data

Answer

To test hypotheses about the data

Question 16

In hypothesis testing, what is the statement that assumes no significant difference or effect?

Accepted Answer

Null hypothesis

Answer

Alternative hypothesis

Answer

Research hypothesis

Answer

Directional hypothesis

Question 17

Which characteristic of big data refers to the rapidly increasing volume of data generated from various sources?

Accepted Answer

Volume

Answer

Variety

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Veracity

Question 18

What is the fundamental distinction between a population and a sample in statistical analysis?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire set of data, while a sample is a subset used to represent the population

Answer

A sample is the entire set of data, while a population is a subset used to represent the sample

Answer

A population and a sample are identical concepts

Answer

A sample is larger than a population

Question 19

Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method where participants are selected based on their accessibility or convenience?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified random sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 20

What is the primary objective of data cleaning in data analysis?

Accepted Answer

To identify and rectify errors, inconsistencies, and missing values in the data

Answer

To transform data into a format suitable for analysis

Answer

To visualize data in a meaningful way

Answer

To protect sensitive data from unauthorized access

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

To test the validity of a claim about a population based on sample data

Answer

To summarize the characteristics of a population

Answer

To determine the relationship between variables

Answer

To generate predictions for future events

Question 22

In big data analysis, which of the following is NOT a type of sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 23

What differentiates descriptive statistics from inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics describe data, while inferential statistics generalize from sample to population

Answer

Inferential statistics describe data, while descriptive statistics generalize from population to sample

Answer

They serve the same purpose, just using different techniques

Answer

They are not related concepts

Question 24

Which measure of central tendency represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 25

The standard deviation is a measure of which statistical characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Dispersion

Answer

Central tendency

Answer

Skewness

Answer

Kurtosis

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Central Limit Theorem?

Accepted Answer

The population distribution is known

Answer

The sample is random

Answer

The sample size is large enough

Answer

The population data is normally distributed

Question 27

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

There is no significant difference between the groups being compared

Answer

There is a significant difference between the groups being compared

Answer

The sample data is representative of the population

Answer

The alternative hypothesis is true

Question 28

The p-value in hypothesis testing represents:

Accepted Answer

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (Type I error)

Answer

The probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false (Type II error)

Answer

The probability of the null hypothesis being true

Answer

The probability of the alternative hypothesis being true

Question 29

Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for skewed data, where the distribution is not symmetric?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Question 30

What is the primary objective of a hypothesis test in inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

To determine if there is a significant difference or relationship between two or more groups or variables.

Answer

To make predictions about future events.

Answer

To provide a detailed description of the entire population.

Question 31

Which of the following tests is a non-parametric test, which does not assume that the data follows a normal distribution?

Accepted Answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Answer

t-test

Answer

Linear regression

Answer

ANOVA

Question 32

In statistical inference, what is the assumption of normality?

Accepted Answer

The data distribution in the population follows a normal distribution.

Answer

The sample is randomly selected.

Answer

The sample size is large enough.

Question 33

What is the distinction between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of individuals or data points under study, while a sample is a subset of that population selected for analysis.

Answer

A sample is larger than a population.

Answer

A population is selected randomly, while a sample is not.

Question 34

Which sampling method provides each individual in the population an equal chance of being selected?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 35

What is the main purpose of using a confidence interval in statistical inference?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the true population parameter with a specific level of confidence.

Answer

To predict future events.

Answer

To verify the null hypothesis.

Question 36

Which measure of central tendency represents the value that occurs most frequently in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Range

Answer

Median

Question 37

Which statistical test is appropriate to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Correlation test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 38

Which sampling method gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the true population parameter within a certain level of confidence

Answer

To test the significance of a difference between groups

Answer

To summarize the distribution of data

Question 40

Identify the main advantage of using descriptive statistics.

Accepted Answer

Condensing large datasets into a more manageable form

Answer

Testing hypotheses

Answer

Making inferences about the population

Question 41

Differentiate between the population and the sample in a statistical study.

Accepted Answer

The population is the entire group of interest, while the sample is a subset of the population

Answer

The population and the sample are the same size

Answer

The population is a subset of the sample, while the sample is the entire group of interest

Question 42

Which measure quantifies the spread or variability of a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Question 43

What does the p-value in a statistical hypothesis test represent?

Accepted Answer

The probability of observing the sample results, assuming the null hypothesis is true

Answer

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis

Answer

The probability of the sample being representative of the population