Master the Biological Bases of Behavior: Enhance Your Psychology Knowledge

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to feelings of reward, motivation, and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter system is primarily involved in reward, pleasure, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopaminergic system

Answer

Serotonergic system

Answer

Noradrenergic system

Answer

Acetylcholine system

Question 3

Which brain structure coordinates movement, balance, and fine motor skills?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 4

Which genetic disorder is characterized by intellectual disability, impaired social interactions, and repetitive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 5

Which research method involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its impact on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Experimental method

Answer

Observational method

Answer

Correlational method

Answer

Case study method

Question 6

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing visual input?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 7

Which advanced brain imaging technique measures brain activity based on changes in blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 8

Which hormone, released by the hypothalamus, plays a central role in the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Melatonin

Question 9

Which type of learning involves forming an association between a neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally triggers a response?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Answer

Operant conditioning

Answer

Observational learning

Answer

Latent learning

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Constricted pupils

Answer

Decreased heart rate

Answer

Increased salivation

Answer

Increased digestion

Question 11

Which brain structure is predominantly responsible for coordinating motor movements and muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 12

The neurotransmitter serotonin is primarily known for its role in regulating:

Accepted Answer

Mood

Answer

Appetite

Answer

Memory

Answer

Sleep

Question 13

Which of the following is a heritable condition that affects the body's ability to digest the sugar lactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell disease

Answer

Phenylketonuria

Question 14

Which of the following neurotransmitters is predominantly associated with reward and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 15

The concept of 'neuroplasticity' refers primarily to:

Accepted Answer

The brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and change in response to experiences

Answer

The notion that the brain is fixed and unchangeable

Answer

The process of generating new neurons

Answer

The brain's ability to store memories

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for driving reward and reinforcement, encouraging individuals to repeat specific behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 17

How do genetic and environmental factors interact to influence the development of mental health disorders?

Accepted Answer

Both genetic and environmental factors interact to influence the development of mental health disorders.

Answer

Genetic factors alone determine the development of mental health disorders.

Answer

Environmental factors alone determine the development of mental health disorders.

Answer

Genetic and environmental factors have no influence on the development of mental health disorders.

Question 18

Which brain structure is responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 19

The scientific field that studies the genetic basis of behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics

Answer

Molecular biology

Answer

Epigenetics

Answer

Genomics

Question 20

The hormone associated with stress responses is:

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 21

The neuroanatomical pathway involved in coordinating movement is the:

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Basal ganglia

Answer

Limbic system

Question 22

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 23

In behavioral neuroscience, which research method allows for direct observation of brain activity in humans to investigate the neurobiological basis of a behavior?

Accepted Answer

Human neuroimaging

Answer

Animal studies

Answer

Behavioral observation

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter is known to play a crucial role in reward and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 25

Which genetic process is responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Recombination

Question 26

Which region of the cerebral cortex is primarily involved in language comprehension and production?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 27

Which research approach involves systematically manipulating a variable to observe its effects on another?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Case study

Question 28

Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons

Answer

Efferent neurons

Answer

Interneurons

Answer

Glial cells

Question 29

Which cognitive process refers to the ability to acquire, store, and retrieve information over time?

Accepted Answer

Cognition

Answer

Perception

Answer

Emotion

Answer

Motivation

Question 30

Which neuroimaging technique utilizes magnetic fields to measure brain activity?

Accepted Answer

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 31

Analyze the genetic and neural factors contributing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, discuss the impact of genetic mutations, such as those affecting synaptic proteins, on brain development and function in ASD.

Accepted Answer

Genetic variations in genes encoding synaptic proteins, like neuroligins and neurexins, have been associated with ASD and influence neural communication.

Answer

ASD is solely caused by a single gene mutation that impairs the development of the frontal cortex.

Answer

ASD is exclusively caused by environmental factors, with genetics having no role.

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for enabling communication at the junctions between nerves and muscles?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 33

Which brain region is primarily responsible for processing and regulating emotions like fear, anxiety, and sadness?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 34

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the brain's reward and pleasure pathways?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 35

What is the primary role of the amygdala in emotional processing?

Accepted Answer

Processing and storing emotional memories, especially fear and anxiety-related ones

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Receiving sensory information from the environment

Answer

Controlling voluntary movement

Question 36

Which hormone, released by the pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating growth and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 37

Define synaptic plasticity and explain its significance in learning and memory.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, enabling neural pathways to form and refine, which is essential for learning and memory.

Answer

Synaptic plasticity involves the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.

Answer

Synaptic plasticity is the generation of action potentials.

Answer

Synaptic plasticity is the conduction of electrical signals along axons.

Question 38

Which technique is commonly employed to study brain activity and function?

Accepted Answer

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Answer

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Answer

HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography)

Answer

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 39

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response

Answer

Controlling voluntary skeletal muscle movement

Answer

Regulating blood pressure and digestion

Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Question 40

What is the function of the thalamus in the sensory processing pathway?

Accepted Answer

Relaying sensory information from the body and external environment to the cerebral cortex

Answer

Storing long-term memories

Answer

Regulating sleep-wake cycles

Answer

Producing motor commands

Question 41

Which brain area is known as the "executive center" and is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 42

Which neurotransmitter plays a primary role in regulating mood, sleep-wake cycles, and appetite?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Question 43

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for processing and regulating emotional responses, particularly fear and aggression?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 44

The action potential, the electrical signal that travels along a neuron, is primarily driven by the movement of which ions across the neuron's membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium and Potassium

Answer

Iron and Zinc

Answer

Calcium and Chloride

Answer

Magnesium and Phosphate

Question 45

A study comparing identical twins raised apart to fraternal twins raised together finds a significantly higher correlation in intelligence scores among the identical twins. This finding provides the strongest evidence for the influence of:

Accepted Answer

Genetics on intelligence

Answer

Parenting styles on intelligence

Answer

Socioeconomic status on intelligence

Answer

Shared environment on intelligence

Question 46

Damage to Broca's area in the brain is most likely to result in:

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing fluent speech

Answer

Inability to recognize faces

Answer

Loss of motor coordination

Answer

Impaired comprehension of spoken language

Question 47

Which neurotransmitter is strongly associated with reward pathways in the brain and plays a significant role in addiction?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 48

The endocrine system, which influences behavior through hormones, is primarily regulated by a feedback loop involving which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Medulla Oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Pons

Question 49

The concept of neuroplasticity refers to:

Accepted Answer

The brain's capacity to change its structure and function in response to experience

Answer

The process of neurodegeneration associated with aging

Answer

The fixed nature of neural connections throughout life

Question 50

Which research method allows researchers to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating an independent variable and observing its impact on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Case study

Question 51

Evolutionary psychology attempts to explain behavior by considering:

Accepted Answer

How behaviors may have provided an adaptive advantage to our ancestors

Answer

The influence of cultural norms and societal expectations

Answer

The role of unconscious conflicts and motivations

Question 52

In sensory perception, transduction refers to:

Accepted Answer

The conversion of sensory stimuli into neural impulses

Answer

The interpretation of sensory information by the brain

Answer

The conscious awareness of a sensory experience