Types of Memory: A Comprehensive Guide for Psychology Students

Question 1

Which type of memory serves as a temporary workspace for actively processing, manipulating, and storing information before it's transferred to long-term memory or discarded?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Episodic buffer

Question 2

What type of memory briefly stores sensory input (less than a second)?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 3

What is a defining trait of procedural memory?

Accepted Answer

Automatic execution of tasks

Answer

Conscious recall

Answer

Storage of personal experiences

Answer

Context-dependent retrieval

Question 4

Which type of memory is responsible for holding information for a short duration, typically measured in seconds or minutes?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 5

What is the primary distinction between episodic and semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory stores personal experiences, while semantic memory stores factual knowledge.

Answer

Episodic memory stores factual knowledge, while semantic memory stores personal experiences.

Answer

Episodic memory stores procedural knowledge, while semantic memory stores declarative knowledge.

Answer

Episodic memory stores declarative knowledge, while semantic memory stores procedural knowledge.

Question 6

What brain structure plays a crucial role in both encoding and retrieving memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 7

What type of memory impairment can result from brain injuries such as concussions?

Accepted Answer

Both retrograde and anterograde amnesia

Answer

Retrograde amnesia

Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Answer

No memory impairment

Question 8

Which type of long-term memory functions subconsciously and automatically, often linked to procedural skills?

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Declarative memory

Question 9

Which type of memory can store vast amounts of information indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 10

What is the term for the process of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 11

How do explicit and implicit memory differ?

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory pertains to conscious recall, while implicit memory operates unconsciously.

Answer

Implicit memory pertains to conscious recall, while explicit memory operates unconsciously.

Answer

Both types of memory involve conscious retrieval.

Answer

Both types of memory occur subconsciously.

Question 12

Which brain structure plays a central role in memory encoding and retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 13

What is the term for the gradual loss of memory over time?

Accepted Answer

Decay

Answer

Interference

Answer

Retroactive inhibition

Answer

Proactive inhibition

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited duration

Answer

Limited capacity

Answer

Rapidly decaying

Answer

Involved in encoding information into long-term memory

Question 15

What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

5-9 items

Answer

15-25 items

Answer

50-100 items

Answer

Unlimited

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited capacity

Answer

Relatively permanent

Answer

Organized into categories

Answer

Susceptible to interference

Question 17

What is the primary function of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Holding and manipulating information temporarily

Answer

Storing information for long-term retention

Answer

Processing sensory input

Answer

Retrieving episodic memories

Question 18

Which theory suggests that long-term memories are stored as connections between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Connectionist theory

Answer

Gestalt theory

Answer

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Question 19

What is the phenomenon known as 'reminiscence' in relation to memory recall?

Accepted Answer

Improved recall accuracy over time

Answer

Increased susceptibility to memory interference

Answer

Faster forgetting of recently learned information

Answer

Enhanced retrieval of episodic memories

Question 20

Which brain structure plays a crucial role in the formation of new declarative memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 21

How does sleep impact memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Sleep enhances the retention of newly formed memories.

Answer

Sleep disrupts the formation of new memories.

Answer

Sleep has no significant effect on memory.

Answer

Sleep only benefits the consolidation of procedural memories.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

It is easily forgotten and interfered with.

Answer

It has a large storage capacity.

Answer

It can store information for a long time.

Answer

It can be consciously remembered.

Question 23

Which type of memory briefly stores sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 24

What is the limited capacity of short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

5-9 items

Answer

10-15 items

Answer

20-30 items

Answer

Unlimited capacity

Question 25

Which type of memory retains information indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 26

What is the main role of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Temporarily storing and manipulating information

Answer

Storing information permanently

Answer

Filtering irrelevant sensory input

Answer

Encoding information into long-term memory

Question 27

What process transfers information from short-term to long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Rehearsal

Answer

Chunking

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the accuracy of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Time

Answer

Emotion

Answer

Context

Question 29

How do explicit and implicit memory differ?

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory is conscious, while implicit memory is unconscious.

Answer

Implicit memory is conscious, while explicit memory is unconscious.

Answer

Both are unconscious.

Answer

Both are conscious.

Question 30

Which brain region is crucial for forming new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 31

Which type of memory temporarily stores and processes information, and includes a central executive component?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 32

Which type of memory temporarily stores sensory information, lasting only a few seconds?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 33

Which of the following is a unique feature of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Large capacity and permanence

Answer

Short duration and limited accessibility

Answer

Limited capacity and impermanence

Answer

Absence of declarative and procedural memory

Question 34

What is the primary function of working memory in memory processes?

Accepted Answer

Temporary storage and manipulation of information

Answer

Transferring information from short-term to long-term memory

Answer

Attention and problem-solving

Answer

Retrieval of long-term memories

Question 35

According to the decay theory, what is the primary cause of forgetting?

Accepted Answer

Memory traces gradually weaken over time

Answer

Information is actively suppressed to make room for new information

Answer

Memories are blocked by interference from other similar memories

Answer

Memories are intentionally deleted to prevent overloading

Question 36

How does attention influence memory?

Accepted Answer

Attention enhances the encoding and retrieval of information

Answer

Attention impairs memory by diverting cognitive resources

Answer

Attention has no significant effect on memory processes

Answer

Attention can only improve long-term memory, not short-term memory

Question 37

Which characteristic is NOT associated with long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Limited capacity for storage

Answer

Encoding through multiple pathways

Answer

Indefinite storage duration

Question 38

Which subtype of long-term memory stores personal experiences and events?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Question 39

Rehearsal is a technique known to improve:

Accepted Answer

Memory performance

Answer

Memory decay

Answer

Memory interference

Question 40

Which memory type holds sensory information for an extremely short duration, typically less than a second?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 41

What is the generally accepted capacity of short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

5-9 items

Answer

10-15 items

Answer

2-4 items

Answer

Unlimited

Question 42

Which characteristic is NOT associated with long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Limited storage capacity

Answer

Retrieval cues

Answer

Durability

Question 43

Which component of working memory is responsible for managing and manipulating information?

Accepted Answer

Central executive

Answer

Episodic buffer

Answer

Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer

Phonological loop

Question 44

Which type of memory is associated with remembering skills and procedures?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Question 45

Which technique has been shown to enhance memory retrieval from long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Spaced repetition

Answer

Cramming

Answer

Distraction

Answer

Studying in the same environment as the test

Question 46

Which of the following most accurately describes the phenomenon when new information disrupts the recall of previously learned information?

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference

Answer

Retrieval failure

Answer

Encoding failure

Answer

Proactive interference

Question 47

Which brain region plays a crucial role in the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 48

Which type of memory is responsible for storing sensory information for a brief duration, typically less than a second?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 49

Which characteristic is a defining feature of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Relatively permanent storage

Answer

Limited capacity

Answer

Rapid forgetting

Question 50

In the context of short-term memory, what is the purpose of rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

To maintain information in memory by actively repeating it

Answer

To delete information from memory

Answer

To encode new information into long-term memory

Answer

To retrieve information from long-term memory

Question 51

Which type of memory involves the conscious manipulation and temporary storage of information, allowing for complex cognitive tasks?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Question 52

What is the process by which information is transformed into a form that can be stored in memory?

Accepted Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 53

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to forgetting?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration

Answer

Interference

Answer

Repression

Answer

Decay

Question 54

Describe the primary distinction between explicit and implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory requires conscious recollection, while implicit memory operates automatically without conscious awareness.

Answer

Explicit memory deals with long-term events, while implicit memory handles short-term events.

Question 55

What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?

Accepted Answer

Involved in the consolidation of new memories

Answer

Processes sensory information

Answer

Stores long-term memories

Answer

Retrieves information from short-term memory