Aging and End of Life Issues: A Comprehensive Guide for Psychology Students

Question 1

Which physical change commonly occurs during late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Decreased flexibility

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

Improved vision

Answer

Faster reaction times

Question 2

What is the theory that proposes a gradual withdrawal from social involvement and activities as individuals age?

Accepted Answer

Disengagement theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Continuity theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Question 3

What is the primary objective of hospice care?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate suffering and provide comfort

Answer

To cure the underlying illness

Answer

To prolong the lifespan of the patient

Answer

To offer counseling support to family members only

Question 4

What is the term used to describe the subjective experience and perception of old age?

Accepted Answer

Perception of aging

Answer

Gerontology

Answer

Senescence

Answer

Ageism

Question 5

Which of the following physical changes is commonly associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone density

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

Improved eyesight

Answer

Enhanced hearing

Question 6

What is the term for the gradual decline in cognitive abilities that can accompany aging?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive decline

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Age-related memory loss

Question 7

Which of the following is a factor that can positively contribute to successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Poor nutrition

Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Lack of sleep

Question 8

Which ethical principle emphasizes respect for patient autonomy in end-of-life care decisions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 9

Which of the following is a common challenge faced by older adults transitioning into retirement?

Accepted Answer

Loss of purpose

Answer

Increased financial stability

Answer

Improved social connections

Answer

Enhanced cognitive abilities

Question 10

Which theory suggests that individuals generally maintain a stable sense of identity throughout their lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Continuity theory

Answer

Self-concept theory

Answer

Ego-resiliency theory

Answer

Identity development theory

Question 11

Which cognitive change is typical during late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Slower processing speed

Answer

Faster processing speed

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased creativity

Question 12

In late adulthood, what signifies a successful resolution of Erikson's 'Integrity vs. Despair' stage?

Accepted Answer

Feeling satisfied and at peace with one's life

Answer

Experiencing a decline in physical and mental abilities

Answer

Becoming less involved in social interactions

Answer

An increased fear of death and the dying process

Question 13

Which theory of aging suggests that aging is mainly driven by biological processes within the body?

Accepted Answer

Programmed senescence theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Disengagement theory

Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 14

Retirement can have both positive and negative psychological consequences. Which of the following is a potential benefit of retirement?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced well-being

Answer

Increased depression

Answer

Reduced self-esteem

Answer

Increased social isolation

Question 15

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, which developmental challenge arises in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Integrity vs. Despair

Answer

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 16

What is the primary goal of palliative care?

Accepted Answer

Treating symptoms

Answer

Curing illnesses

Answer

Extending lifespan

Answer

Providing emotional support

Question 17

Which of the following is a common cognitive change associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Reduced processing speed

Answer

Expanded vocabulary

Answer

Enhanced memory

Answer

Improved executive functioning

Question 18

The 'activity theory' of aging suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Older adults thrive when they remain actively involved in society.

Answer

Older adults naturally withdraw from social interactions as they age.

Answer

Older adults only interact with family members.

Answer

Older adults become more isolated as they age.

Question 19

Which of the following is a common cognitive challenge associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Decreased problem-solving skills

Answer

Enhanced short-term memory

Answer

Increased creativity

Answer

Improved concentration

Question 20

Retirement can bring significant psychological changes. Which of the following is a potential challenge individuals may face during retirement?

Accepted Answer

Loss of social connections

Answer

Increased financial security

Answer

Improved mental well-being

Answer

Enhanced physical health

Question 21

Palliative care prioritizes comfort and support for individuals with life-limiting illnesses. What is a key objective of palliative care?

Accepted Answer

Improving quality of life

Answer

Curing the underlying illness

Answer

Extending life expectancy

Answer

Providing spiritual guidance

Question 22

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of cognitive decline in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with memory retrieval and problem-solving

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased creativity

Answer

Improved attention span

Question 23

What is the term used to describe the gradual decline in physical and mental abilities that accompanies late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Aging

Answer

Senility

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 24

What is the term for the process of proactively preparing for and navigating the end-of-life phase?

Accepted Answer

End-of-life planning

Answer

Palliative care

Answer

Grief counseling

Answer

Hospice care

Question 25

What is the primary purpose of a living will?

Accepted Answer

To provide specific instructions regarding medical treatment preferences near the end of life

Answer

To appoint a healthcare proxy

Answer

To distribute assets after death

Answer

To make funeral arrangements

Question 26

Gerotranscendence refers to:

Accepted Answer

A gradual shift in focus from worldly concerns to spiritual ones in late adulthood

Answer

A decline in physical and mental abilities

Answer

An increased focus on personal relationships

Answer

A withdrawal from society

Question 27

Which theory of aging suggests that aging is mainly caused by the gradual accumulation of damage to cells and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Wear-and-tear theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Psychosocial theory of aging

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a physical change associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Decreased muscle mass

Answer

Reduced cardiovascular capacity

Answer

Thinning and loss of hair

Question 29

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary task of late adulthood is:

Accepted Answer

Integrity vs. despair

Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer

Intimacy vs. isolation

Question 30

Which of the following is a key cognitive change that occurs during late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Slower processing speed and memory decline

Answer

Improved fluid intelligence

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased spatial reasoning

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT considered a common emotional response to aging?

Accepted Answer

Elation

Answer

Acceptance

Answer

Depression

Answer

Anxiety

Question 32

In what ways can technology positively impact the lives of older adults?

Accepted Answer

Fostering social connections

Accepted Answer

Assisting with health management

Accepted Answer

Expanding access to information

Answer

Diminishing cognitive stimulation

Question 33

What factor has a significant impact on the differences in end-of-life care practices across cultures?

Accepted Answer

Religious and spiritual beliefs

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Answer

Age

Answer

Level of education

Question 34

How does reminiscence contribute to the well-being of older adults? Explain its benefits and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Reminiscence helps older adults process past experiences, cope with losses, and find meaning in their lives.

Answer

Reminiscence improves cognitive abilities, such as memory and problem-solving.

Answer

Reminiscence leads to increased social isolation and withdrawal in older adults.

Answer

Reminiscence is a sign of declining mental health and should be discouraged.

Question 35

Which of the following is a typical physical change associated with the aging process?

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia, or difficulty focusing on near objects

Answer

Enhanced cardiovascular function

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Improved reaction time

Question 36

What is a common cognitive change observed in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A gradual decline in episodic memory, affecting recall of recent experiences

Answer

Complete loss of ability to learn new information

Answer

Significant impairment of overall intellectual function

Question 37

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for maintaining psychological well-being in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in activities that provide meaning and purpose

Answer

Avoiding any form of intellectual stimulation

Answer

Focusing exclusively on physical health

Answer

Isolating oneself from social interactions

Question 38

Which of the following is a type of dementia commonly associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 39

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's model, which stage of grief is characterized by an initial resistance to accepting reality?

Accepted Answer

Denial

Answer

Anger

Answer

Acceptance

Answer

Bargaining

Question 40

When providing end-of-life care to a loved one, what is a crucial consideration?

Accepted Answer

Understanding and respecting their wishes and values

Answer

Providing constant medical attention

Answer

Suppressing one's own emotions

Answer

Focusing solely on physical comfort

Question 41

According to the disengagement theory of aging, older adults:

Accepted Answer

Gradually withdraw from social activities and commitments.

Answer

Become more socially engaged in their later years.

Answer

Maintain the same level of social connections as in earlier adulthood.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a key indicator of successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Experiencing a sharp decline in cognitive function.

Answer

Maintaining good physical health.

Answer

Engaging in meaningful activities.

Answer

Having strong social support.

Question 43

Which neurodegenerative disorder primarily affects memory and cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease.

Answer

Parkinson's disease.

Answer

Multiple sclerosis.

Answer

Huntington's disease.

Question 44

What is the term for the gradual decline in physical and mental function that accompanies aging?

Accepted Answer

Senescence.

Answer

Degeneration.

Answer

Deterioration.

Answer

Involution.

Question 45

Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory proposes that during late adulthood, individuals face a conflict between:

Accepted Answer

Integrity and despair.

Answer

Trust and mistrust.

Answer

Industry and inferiority.

Answer

Identity and role confusion.

Question 46

In end-of-life care, the primary ethical concern is to:

Accepted Answer

Respect the patient's autonomy and preferences while providing compassionate care.

Answer

Provide treatment based on the wishes of the family.

Answer

Administer aggressive medical interventions to prolong life.

Question 47

To effectively support an older adult grieving the loss of a spouse, it is important to:

Accepted Answer

Offer emotional support, listen attentively, and encourage them to talk about their feelings.

Answer

Tell them to move on and focus on the present.

Answer

Avoid discussing the deceased spouse.