Acids and Bases: Properties and Reactions - Chemistry Quiz

Question 1

In the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is defined as a substance that:

Accepted Answer

Releases hydrogen ions (H+)

Answer

Absorbs hydrogen ions (H+)

Answer

Forms hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 2

When an acid dissolves in water, what happens?

Accepted Answer

Releases hydrogen ions (H+), lowering the pH.

Answer

Accepts hydrogen ions (H+), raising the pH.

Answer

Remains neutral, with no pH change.

Question 3

According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that:

Accepted Answer

donates protons (H+ ions)

Answer

accepts protons (H+ ions)

Answer

donates electrons

Answer

accepts electrons

Question 4

Which of the following solutions has the lowest pH value?

Accepted Answer

pH = 1

Answer

pH = 7

Answer

pH = 10

Answer

pH = 14

Question 5

The conjugate base of a weak acid is:

Accepted Answer

a weak base

Answer

a strong acid

Answer

a weak acid

Answer

a strong base

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is an acid-base neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Answer

NaOH + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 + H2O

Answer

BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + NaCl

Answer

CH3COOH + CH3OH → CH3COOCH3 + H2O

Question 7

A buffer solution is defined as a solution that contains:

Accepted Answer

both a weak acid and its conjugate base

Answer

both a strong acid and its conjugate base

Answer

a pH of 7

Answer

a pH of 14

Question 8

Which of the following statements accurately defines an acid according to the Arrhenius theory?

Accepted Answer

An acid donates H+ ions when dissolved in water

Answer

An acid accepts H+ ions when dissolved in water

Answer

An acid decreases the pH of a solution

Answer

An acid releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Question 9

Which of the following acids is considered a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Answer

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Answer

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Question 10

The conjugate base of H2SO4 is:

Accepted Answer

SO42-

Answer

HSO4-

Answer

H3SO4+

Answer

SO32-

Question 11

A solution has a [H+] concentration of 1 x 10^-3 M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

1

Answer

7

Answer

10

Question 12

Which of the following techniques is used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base?

Accepted Answer

Volumetric analysis

Answer

Gravimetric analysis

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Chromatography

Question 13

According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is defined as a substance that:

Accepted Answer

Releases H+ ions in water

Answer

Releases OH- ions in water

Answer

Neutralizes acids

Answer

Turns litmus paper red

Question 14

Which of the following is considered a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Sulfuric acid

Answer

Nitric acid

Question 15

Which substance exhibits amphoteric properties?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Sugar

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 16

What is the conjugate base of HCl?

Accepted Answer

Cl-

Answer

H2O

Answer

OH-

Answer

H+

Question 17

What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.1 moles of NaOH in 1 liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

0.1 M

Answer

0.01 M

Answer

1 M

Answer

10 M

Question 18

Illustrate how a buffer solution effectively resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. Explain the roles of its components and provide a specific example.

Accepted Answer

Buffer solutions are composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

Answer

A buffer solution is incapable of resisting pH changes.

Answer

Buffer solutions function by directly neutralizing the added acid or base.

Question 19

What is the numerical value of the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

14

Answer

0

Question 20

Which of the following is classified as a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Answer

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Question 21

What is the conjugate base of a weak acid HA?

Accepted Answer

A-

Answer

H+

Answer

OH-

Question 22

Which of the following reactions represents an acid-base neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Answer

CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

Answer

2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2

Question 23

Which of the following best describes a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution that resists significant changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it.

Answer

A solution that has a pH of exactly 7.

Question 24

Which of the following methods is used to determine the unknown concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration?

Accepted Answer

Titration

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Conductivity measurement

Question 25

What is the equivalence point in a titration?

Accepted Answer

The point at which the moles of acid are chemically equivalent to the moles of base.

Answer

The point at which the pH of the solution is neutral (pH 7).

Question 26

Which characteristic is NOT a property of acids?

Accepted Answer

They feel slippery to the touch.

Answer

They turn blue litmus paper red.

Answer

They have a sour taste.

Answer

They react with bases, producing salts and water.

Question 27

Which substance is classified as a strong base?

Accepted Answer

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Answer

Ammonia (NH3)

Answer

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Answer

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Question 28

What pH value represents a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

1

Answer

10

Answer

14

Question 29

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Basic

Answer

Slightly basic

Question 30

Which chemical equation represents an acid-base neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Answer

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Answer

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

Answer

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

Question 31

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

HCl

Answer

HNO3

Answer

H2O

Answer

H2SO4

Question 32

What is the primary function of an indicator in acid-base titrations?

Accepted Answer

To signal the endpoint of the titration.

Answer

To neutralize the acid or base in the solution.

Answer

To accurately measure the solution's volume.

Answer

To slow down the reaction rate.

Question 33

Which of the following substances is classified as amphoteric?

Accepted Answer

Water (H2O)

Answer

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Answer

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 34

A solution with a pH of 11 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Basic

Answer

Strongly acidic

Answer

Acidic

Answer

Neutral

Question 35

Which of these compounds is classified as a strong base?

Accepted Answer

NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)

Answer

CH3COOH (Acetic acid)

Answer

NH3 (Ammonia)

Answer

H2CO3 (Carbonic acid)

Question 36

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Answer

Basic

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Amphoteric

Question 37

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

14

Answer

0

Answer

1

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

Answer

CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

Answer

2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2NaCl (s)

Answer

H2O (l) → H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Question 39

What is the product of the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base?

Accepted Answer

Salt and water

Answer

Only water

Answer

Only salt

Question 40

Which of the following substances can act as both an acid and a base?

Accepted Answer

Water (H2O)

Answer

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Answer

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 41

A solution of a weak acid will have a pH value that is:

Accepted Answer

Closer to 7 than a solution of a strong acid

Answer

Closer to 0 than a solution of a strong acid

Answer

The same as a solution of a strong acid

Question 42

The reaction of an acid with a base is generally a(n):

Accepted Answer

Exothermic reaction

Answer

Neutral reaction

Answer

Photochemical reaction

Answer

Endothermic reaction

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a common household acid?

Accepted Answer

Vinegar (acetic acid)

Answer

Soap

Answer

Ammonia (ammonium hydroxide)

Answer

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of acids?

Accepted Answer

They taste bitter.

Answer

They have a sour taste.

Answer

They react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Answer

They turn blue litmus paper red.

Question 45

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a base?

Accepted Answer

A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

Answer

A substance that reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Answer

A substance that turns blue litmus paper red.

Question 46

What is the pH range for acidic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Less than 7

Answer

Greater than 7

Answer

Between 0 and 14

Answer

Equal to 7

Question 47

A solution with a pH of 12 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Strongly basic

Answer

Weakly acidic

Answer

Strongly acidic

Answer

Neutral

Question 48

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer

Citric acid (C6H8O7)

Answer

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Answer

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 49

A solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will have a pH:

Accepted Answer

Greater than 7

Answer

Equal to 7

Answer

Less than 7

Answer

Cannot be determined without more information.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of bases?

Accepted Answer

They react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas.

Answer

They feel slippery to the touch.

Answer

They turn red litmus paper blue.

Question 51

What happens when an acid and a base react?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize each other, forming salt and water.

Answer

They become more acidic.

Answer

They become more basic.

Question 52

What is the pH of a solution that is neither acidic nor basic?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

0

Answer

14

Answer

It varies depending on the solution.

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of a weak base?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia (NH3)

Answer

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Answer

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Answer

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)