Pediatric Health Conditions: A Comprehensive Guide for Nurses

Question 1

What is the primary nursing intervention to address fluid balance in a child with gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining hydration

Answer

Administering antiemetics

Answer

Providing pain relief

Answer

Monitoring electrolytes

Question 2

Which medication is the first-line treatment for pinworm infection in children?

Accepted Answer

Pyrantel pamoate

Answer

Mebendazole

Answer

Albendazole

Answer

Ivermectin

Question 3

What is the comprehensive nursing assessment that includes tympanic membrane mobility, pain level, and hearing acuity?

Accepted Answer

Tympanic membrane evaluation

Answer

Audiometric assessment

Answer

Neurological examination

Answer

Cardiopulmonary assessment

Question 4

Which of the following congenital heart defects is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Atrial septal defect

Answer

Ventricular septal defect

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 5

What multifaceted nursing intervention is essential to promote restful sleep in a child with sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Incorporating all of the above interventions

Answer

Providing a quiet environment

Answer

Administering prescribed pain medication as needed

Answer

Ensuring adequate hydration

Question 6

At what age should a child typically receive their initial measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine?

Accepted Answer

12 months

Answer

6 months

Answer

18 months

Answer

24 months

Question 7

Which of the following is a major risk factor contributing to childhood obesity?

Accepted Answer

All of the above factors

Answer

Unhealthy dietary habits

Answer

Insufficient physical activity

Answer

Family history of obesity

Question 8

Which of the following is a common symptom of respiratory distress in infants? Select the best answer.

Accepted Answer

Grunting

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hyperthermia

Answer

Hypotension

Question 9

The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children is:

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Salmonella

Answer

Clostridium difficile

Answer

E. coli

Question 10

The first-line treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) in children is:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Analgesics

Answer

Ear drops

Answer

Decongestants

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated strep throat in children?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever

Answer

Kidney infection

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 12

Indicate the sign that does not suggest respiratory distress in a child:

Accepted Answer

Normal breathing rhythm

Answer

Accelerated breathing (tachypnea)

Answer

Engagement of accessory muscles

Answer

Nasal flaring

Question 13

In the United States, which factor contributes most often to diarrhea among children?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus infection

Answer

Bacterial contamination

Answer

Parasitic infestation

Answer

Nutritional deficiencies

Question 14

Which of the following is a typical symptom of otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

Earache

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Answer

Skin rash

Question 15

At what age should infants receive their first dose of the rotavirus vaccine?

Accepted Answer

4 months

Answer

2 months

Answer

6 months

Answer

1 year

Question 16

In children with pneumonia, which organism is most frequently responsible?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a cultural factor that can affect children's health?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Religion

Answer

Education

Answer

Income

Question 18

A child with bronchiolitis needs immediate care. Which nursing intervention is most important?

Accepted Answer

Providing oxygen therapy

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Answer

Performing chest physiotherapy

Answer

Administering oral steroids

Question 19

Which statement should the nurse emphasize when teaching parents about managing asthma?

Accepted Answer

Monitor lung function regularly with a peak flow meter.

Answer

Use inhalers only during asthma attacks.

Answer

Avoid physical activity for children with asthma.

Answer

Asthma is a temporary condition that children will outgrow.

Question 20

Which of the following respiratory conditions is most prevalent among infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 21

Identify the predominant symptom associated with gastroenteritis in children:

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Fever

Question 22

Which infectious disease has the highest incidence in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Common cold

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Measles

Answer

Chickenpox

Question 23

What is the primary treatment for acute otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Pain relievers

Answer

Decongestants

Answer

Antihistamines

Question 24

Which immunization schedule is recommended for children residing in the United States?

Accepted Answer

CDC-recommended immunization schedule

Answer

State-mandated immunization schedule

Answer

Parent-preferred immunization schedule

Answer

School-based immunization schedule

Question 25

Koplik's spots are a sign of measles. What do they look like and when do they typically appear?

Accepted Answer

White or gray spots on the inside of the cheeks, 1-2 days before the rash

Answer

Red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads

Answer

Small, fluid-filled blisters on the skin

Question 26

How does play contribute to the emotional well-being of hospitalized children?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates expression and coping mechanisms

Answer

Hastens physical recovery

Answer

Heightens risk of infections

Question 27

What is a common symptom of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

High fever

Question 28

Which of the following is a common symptom of lower respiratory infection (LRI) in children?

Accepted Answer

Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath

Answer

Runny nose and sneezing

Answer

Diarrhea and vomiting

Answer

Skin rash and fever

Question 29

Which symptom is commonly associated with lower respiratory infections in children?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Sore throat

Question 30

Identify the primary cause of diarrhea in children under 2 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Answer

Salmonella

Question 31

Which of the following is a cardinal symptom of bronchiolitis in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Answer

Runny nose

Question 32

Which of the following nursing interventions is the mainstay of treatment for a child with acute gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Nasogastric suction

Question 33

Which of the following is a pathognomonic sign of measles?

Accepted Answer

Koplik's spots

Answer

Bulging fontanelle

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 34

What is the most common cause of febrile seizures in otherwise healthy children?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Epilepsy

Question 35

Which of the nursing interventions is the cornerstone of managing acute asthma exacerbations in children?

Accepted Answer

Administering bronchodilators as per the physician's orders

Answer

Providing oxygen as needed

Answer

Elevating the head of the bed

Answer

Restricting fluids

Question 36

What is the most common bacterial pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 37

Which of the following is one of the clinical manifestations signifying dehydration in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Sunken eyes

Answer

Increased urine output

Answer

Moist mucous membranes

Question 38

What is the first-line treatment of choice for impetigo in children?

Accepted Answer

Topical antibiotics

Answer

Sitz baths

Answer

Oral antibiotics

Answer

Antiviral medications

Question 39

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for childhood obesity?

Accepted Answer

Family history of obesity

Answer

Congenital heart defects

Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Low birth weight

Question 40

Which of the following is a hallmark sign of respiratory distress in a child?

Accepted Answer

Tachypnea

Answer

Normal oxygen saturation levels

Answer

Absence of nasal flaring

Answer

Bradycardia

Question 41

Identify the most common culprit behind vomiting and diarrhea in children.

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Bacterial overgrowth

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom suggestive of otitis media?

Accepted Answer

Ear pain

Answer

Nasal congestion

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Productive cough

Question 43

For a child presenting with symptoms of dehydration, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Offer frequent sips of clear fluids.

Answer

Withhold fluids until further assessment.

Answer

Administer intravenous fluids immediately.

Answer

Monitor for signs of shock only.

Question 44

In children, what is the most common underlying cause for seizures?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Head trauma

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Epilepsy

Question 45

When a child presents with suspected urinary tract infection, what should be the initial nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Collect a urine sample for culture.

Answer

Administer antibiotics empirically.

Answer

Provide pain medication.

Answer

Monitor fluid intake only.

Question 46

Which of the following is a characteristic sign of Kawasaki disease?

Accepted Answer

Strawberry tongue

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Purulent ear discharge

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 47

Which of the following is the most common type of respiratory infection in infants under 6 months of age?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Croup

Answer

Influenza

Question 48

The primary symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants is:

Accepted Answer

Projectile vomiting

Answer

Refusal to feed

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Weight loss

Question 49

The most common cause of seizures in children under 2 years of age is:

Accepted Answer

Febrile seizures

Answer

Head injury

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Meningitis

Question 50

The recommended initial treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) in children is:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Observation without treatment

Answer

Pain relievers only

Answer

Surgery

Question 51

The most common type of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is:

Accepted Answer

Lower UTI (cystitis)

Answer

Upper UTI (pyelonephritis)

Answer

Prostatitis

Answer

Urethritis

Question 52

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of intussusception in children?

Accepted Answer

Currant jelly stools

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Fever

Answer

Vomiting

Question 53

The priority nursing intervention for a child with sickle cell disease experiencing a pain crisis is to:

Accepted Answer

Administer pain medication as prescribed

Answer

Monitor the child's vital signs

Answer

Apply heat to the painful area

Answer

Encourage the child to rest