Infectious Diseases in Children: Practice Quizzes and Study Guide

Question 1

Which vaccination effectively protects against both measles and mumps?

Accepted Answer

MMR

Answer

MMRV

Answer

DTaP

Answer

Hib

Question 2

Congenital rubella syndrome is a potential complication of rubella infection during:

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Childhood

Answer

Adulthood

Question 3

The primary mode of transmission for measles is through:

Accepted Answer

Airborne droplets

Answer

Direct contact

Answer

Fecal-oral route

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 4

Which factor is NOT a risk factor for contracting mumps?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Unvaccinated status

Answer

Exposure to an infected person

Answer

Crowded living conditions

Question 5

What is the most common complication of rubella infection in children?

Accepted Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Encephalitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 6

What is the most common complication of otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

Mastoiditis

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Perforated eardrum

Answer

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 7

Which of these is the most likely diagnosis for a child with a fever, cough, and runny nose?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Sepsis

Question 8

What is the most common complication of mumps?

Accepted Answer

Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles)

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)

Question 9

What is the recommended isolation protocol for a child with rubella?

Accepted Answer

Droplet isolation

Answer

Contact isolation

Answer

Airborne isolation

Answer

Standard isolation

Question 10

What is the incubation period for chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

14-21 days

Answer

10-14 days

Answer

21-28 days

Answer

28-35 days

Question 11

What is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 12

What is the primary treatment approach for mumps, a viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Antiviral medication

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Surgical intervention

Question 13

Which virus is the sole causative agent of rubella?

Accepted Answer

Rubella virus

Answer

Measles virus

Answer

Mumps virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Question 14

Identify the most severe potential complication of measles, a highly contagious viral infection.

Accepted Answer

Encephalitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 15

What is the typical incubation period for rubella, a mild viral infection?

Accepted Answer

14-21 days

Answer

7-10 days

Answer

21-28 days

Answer

1-3 days

Question 16

Which vaccine effectively protects against all three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella?

Accepted Answer

MMR

Answer

DTaP

Answer

Hib

Answer

Tetanus

Question 17

In assessing a child with an infectious disease, which vital sign is most critical to monitor?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pulse

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Activity level

Question 18

Which of these symptoms is commonly seen in children with respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Skin rash

Question 19

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent mumps in children?

Accepted Answer

MMR vaccine

Answer

Isolation

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 20

What is the typical incubation period for measles?

Accepted Answer

10-14 days

Answer

7-10 days

Answer

14-21 days

Question 21

What is the usual duration of the rash associated with rubella?

Accepted Answer

3-5 days

Answer

1-2 days

Answer

5-7 days

Question 22

What is the most effective way to prevent mumps in children?

Accepted Answer

MMR vaccine

Answer

Tetanus vaccine

Answer

Influenza vaccine

Answer

Chickenpox vaccine

Question 23

What is the causative agent of measles?

Accepted Answer

Measles virus

Answer

Protozoa

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungus

Question 24

Which of the following accurately describes the measles rash?

Accepted Answer

Reddish-brown, maculopapular rash that spreads from the head to the rest of the body

Answer

Petechial rash that develops due to low platelet count

Answer

Blistering rash that appears on the palms and soles

Answer

Urticarial rash that is characterized by raised, itchy patches

Question 25

Which symptom is most commonly associated with measles?

Accepted Answer

A characteristic rash that appears first on the face and spreads throughout the body

Answer

Vomiting that can lead to dehydration

Answer

Diarrhea that can cause electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Coughing that can be persistent and hacking

Question 26

What is the primary cause of mumps?

Accepted Answer

Infection with the mumps virus, a paramyxovirus

Answer

Infection with the influenza virus, an orthomyxovirus

Answer

Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, a herpesvirus

Answer

Infection with the rubella virus, a togavirus

Question 27

Which potential complication can arise from mumps infection?

Accepted Answer

Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Answer

Sinusitis, an inflammation of the sinuses

Answer

Bronchitis, an inflammation of the bronchial tubes

Answer

Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs

Question 28

What is the recommended treatment approach for rubella infection?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care to alleviate symptoms and enhance comfort

Answer

Antiviral medications to directly target and suppress the virus

Answer

Antibiotics to combat any secondary bacterial infections

Answer

Vaccines to prevent future rubella infections

Question 29

What is the primary site of viral replication in mumps?

Accepted Answer

Salivary glands

Answer

Lymphoid tissue

Answer

Gastrointestinal tract

Answer

Respiratory tract

Question 30

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for a child with measles who is at risk for complications?

Accepted Answer

Risk for infection: spread of microorganism through direct/indirect contact related to immunosuppression

Answer

Deficient knowledge: inadequate understanding of measles prevention and treatment related to lack of information

Answer

Impaired skin integrity: disruption of the skin's structure and function related to the measles rash

Answer

Acute pain: presence of noxious stimuli related to inflammation

Question 31

What is the typical incubation period for mumps?

Accepted Answer

14-21 days

Answer

7-10 days

Answer

28-35 days

Answer

21-28 days

Question 32

Which of the following is a potential complication of congenital rubella syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Deafness

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 33

What is the first-line treatment for a child with suspected bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Oral antibiotics

Answer

Antiviral medications

Question 34

What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 35

Which of the following is the **most important** factor to consider when administering vaccinations to children?

Accepted Answer

Timing

Answer

Dosage

Answer

Route

Answer

Side effects

Question 36

Which of the following vaccines is effective in preventing **rubella**?

Accepted Answer

MMR vaccine

Answer

DTaP vaccine

Answer

Hepatitis B vaccine

Answer

Hib vaccine

Question 37

Which of the following is a **sign** of dehydration in a child with an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Sunken eyes

Answer

Increased urine output

Answer

Soft and moist skin

Answer

Normal body temperature

Question 38

What is the **most important** nursing assessment for a child with an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Vital signs

Answer

Emotional status

Answer

Nutritional status

Answer

Neurological status

Question 39

What is the **most common** route of transmission for influenza?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory droplets

Answer

Blood-borne transmission

Answer

Fecal-oral route

Question 40

What is the **incubation period** for chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

10-21 days

Answer

1-3 days

Answer

2-4 weeks

Answer

4-6 weeks

Question 41

A 4-year-old child presents with fever, cough, and a rash that begins on the face and spreads to the body. Which of the following infectious diseases is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Measles

Answer

Fifth disease

Answer

Chickenpox

Answer

Roseola

Question 42

A 6-year-old child diagnosed with rubella has a rash characterized by small, pink, maculopapular lesions. Which of the following is a potential complication of rubella in children?

Accepted Answer

Congenital rubella syndrome

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Encephalitis

Question 43

A 1-year-old child suspected of having pertussis is admitted to the hospital. Which isolation precautions should be implemented for this child?

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions

Answer

Contact precautions

Answer

Standard precautions

Answer

Airborne precautions

Question 44

A 5-year-old child with measles is experiencing a high fever and cough. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate to reduce the child's fever?

Accepted Answer

Administering antipyretics as prescribed.

Answer

Wrapping the child in a blanket.

Answer

Encouraging the child to drink cool fluids.

Answer

Applying cool compresses to the child's forehead.

Question 45

A 9-year-old child with fifth disease has a characteristic 'slapped cheek' rash. Which of the following is a common symptom of fifth disease?

Accepted Answer

A lacy, reticular rash on the trunk and extremities.

Answer

High fever.

Answer

Cough.

Answer

Diarrhea.

Question 46

A 12-year-old child with a suspected case of influenza is admitted to the hospital. What is a priority nursing intervention for this child?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring the child's respiratory status.

Answer

Administering antibiotics.

Answer

Encouraging the child to drink fluids.

Answer

Providing emotional support to the child.

Question 47

Which of the following is a characteristic rash associated with measles?

Accepted Answer

Maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads down the body

Answer

Small, flat, red spots that don't itch

Answer

Red, scaly, and itchy rash

Answer

Vesicular rash with fluid-filled blisters

Question 48

What is the typical incubation period for mumps, the time between exposure and symptom onset?

Accepted Answer

16-18 days

Answer

2-5 days

Answer

28-35 days

Answer

7-10 days

Question 49

Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a child with rubella?

Accepted Answer

Isolate the child to prevent spread of the virus, especially to pregnant women.

Answer

Administer antibiotics to treat the viral infection.

Answer

Provide pain medication for the characteristic rash.

Answer

Encourage vigorous exercise to boost the child's immune system.

Question 50

What is the most common and serious complication of measles infection?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Hepatitis

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Encephalitis

Question 51

Which of the following is a contraindication for the MMR vaccine, meaning it should not be administered?

Accepted Answer

Severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of MMR vaccine or any of its components.

Answer

History of eczema or other skin conditions.

Answer

Recent antibiotic use for an unrelated infection.

Answer

A mild cold or low-grade fever.

Question 52

What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps, meaning how it spreads from person to person?

Accepted Answer

Through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Answer

By direct contact with contaminated objects like toys or doorknobs.

Answer

By contaminated food or water.

Answer

Through contact with infected animal saliva or feces.

Question 53

Which of the following is a potential symptom of congenital rubella syndrome, a condition caused by rubella infection during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Heart defects

Answer

Atypical rash with a different appearance than typical rubella.

Answer

Mild, short-lived fever.

Answer

Common cold symptoms like runny nose and sneezing.

Question 54

What is the recommended isolation period for a child with measles, to minimize the risk of spreading the virus?

Accepted Answer

4 days after the onset of the rash

Answer

10 days after the onset of the rash

Answer

7 days after the onset of the rash

Answer

14 days after the onset of the rash

Question 55

Which of the following nursing interventions is most helpful for a child with mumps, to manage the discomfort of swollen parotid glands?

Accepted Answer

Apply warm compresses to the swollen area.

Answer

Encourage vigorous exercise to stimulate the immune system.

Answer

Provide pain medication for the characteristic rash.

Answer

Administer antibiotics to treat the viral infection.

Question 56

What is the primary purpose of the MMR vaccine?

Accepted Answer

To provide immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella, protecting individuals from these diseases.

Answer

To eliminate measles, mumps, and rubella from the world completely.

Answer

To reduce the severity of measles, mumps, or rubella symptoms if infection occurs.

Answer

To cure existing measles, mumps, or rubella infections.