Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

Question 1

Identify the mineral that constitutes the majority of bone mass.

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Potassium

Question 2

Which of the following bone types possesses a dense outer layer encasing a porous inner layer?

Accepted Answer

Long bone

Answer

Short bone

Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Irregular bone

Question 3

Specify the type of joint that permits a comprehensive range of motion, encompassing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Gliding joint

Question 4

Name the bone that forms the anterior portion of the skull, commonly known as the forehead.

Accepted Answer

Frontal bone

Answer

Parietal bone

Answer

Occipital bone

Answer

Temporal bone

Question 5

Identify the muscle responsible for flexing the hip joint.

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps

Question 6

Identify the longest bone in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Humerus

Answer

Radius

Question 7

Specify the mineral required for bone mineralization.

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Magnesium

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Providing structural support and protection

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Storing and releasing minerals

Question 9

Which type of joint allows for the most extensive range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Gliding joint

Question 10

Which mineral is the primary component of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphate

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Sodium

Question 11

Which type of fracture is commonly caused by a twisting force?

Accepted Answer

Spiral fracture

Answer

Comminuted fracture

Answer

Greenstick fracture

Answer

Stress fracture

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom of a bone infection (osteomyelitis)?

Accepted Answer

Increased range of motion

Answer

Pain

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Redness

Question 13

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 14

Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Regular weight-bearing exercise

Answer

Age

Answer

Menopause

Answer

Smoking

Question 15

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 16

Which of the following is the longest bone in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Humerus

Answer

Pelvis

Question 17

Which type of joint allows for the widest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 18

Which of the following muscles is responsible for extending the knee?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Question 19

What is the term for the protective layer of cartilage that covers the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the formation of new bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast activity

Answer

Osteoclast activity

Answer

Chondrogenesis

Answer

Ossification

Question 21

Which imaging technique utilizes radioactive isotopes to detect bone abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Bone scintigraphy

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

Question 22

Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Humerus

Question 24

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Support and protection of internal organs

Answer

Movement facilitation

Answer

Muscle attachment points

Answer

Mineral storage

Question 25

Which membrane lines the bone's inner surface and covers its trabeculae?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Synovium

Question 26

Which hormone stimulates bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 27

Which type of bone fracture involves a break in the bone that does not fully penetrate the skin?

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fracture

Answer

Compound fracture

Answer

Transverse fracture

Answer

Oblique fracture

Question 28

What is the medical term for joint inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Osteomyelitis

Answer

Tendonitis

Answer

Bursitis

Question 29

Which type of muscle tissue controls involuntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 30

Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the joints

Answer

Degenerative cartilage breakdown

Answer

Accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints

Answer

Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints

Question 31

Which bone cell is responsible for breaking down and reabsorbing bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Answer

Osteoblast

Answer

Osteocyte

Answer

Chondrocyte

Question 32

Match the bone cell type with its primary function:

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts: Bone formation

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes: Bone maintenance

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts: Bone resorption

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Blood production

Answer

Supporting and protecting vital organs

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Storing minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Question 34

Which type of bone tissue lines the medullary cavity of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Epiphysis

Question 35

Which type of joint allows for the most extensive range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Condyloid joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Question 36

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 37

Which type of muscle is primarily responsible for conscious movement?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 38

Which bone is the longest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Humerus

Answer

Radius

Question 39

What is the name of the membrane that covers the surface of bones?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Tendon

Answer

Synovium

Question 40

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

Accepted Answer

Carpal bones

Answer

Femur

Answer

Vertebrae

Answer

Clavicle

Question 41

Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of:

Accepted Answer

A joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Answer

Dense connective tissue

Answer

A fibrocartilaginous connection

Answer

A cartilaginous connection

Question 42

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for abduction and external rotation of the arm?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Pectoralis major

Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 43

Osteoblasts are cells that are primarily involved in:

Accepted Answer

Bone formation

Answer

Cartilage production

Answer

Bone resorption

Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 44

Which type of fracture involves a complete break across the entire width of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Complete fracture

Answer

Compound fracture

Answer

Spiral fracture

Answer

Greenstick fracture

Question 45

The primary function of tendons is to:

Accepted Answer

Connect muscles to bones

Answer

Produce movement

Answer

Secrete hormones

Answer

Store energy

Question 46

Which of the following is a degenerative joint disease primarily characterized by cartilage breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Gout

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Bursitis

Question 47

The axial skeleton consists of bones that form:

Accepted Answer

The head, neck, and trunk

Answer

The upper extremities

Answer

The limbs (upper and lower extremities)

Answer

The lower extremities

Question 48

Which bone in the skull encloses the brain and provides protection?

Accepted Answer

Cranium

Answer

Maxilla

Answer

Mandible

Answer

Nasal bone

Question 49

Which hormone raises blood calcium levels and stimulates bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 50

Which cells are responsible for breaking down bone tissue during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondrocytes

Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 51

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 52

Which condition is characterized by reduced bone density and an increased risk of fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Gout

Question 53

Which of the following is a primary function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Producing movement and maintaining posture

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Fighting infection

Question 54

The connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones at joints is called:

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Answer

Fascia

Answer

Ligament

Answer

Tendon