Basic Chemistry and Cell Biology Quizzes for Nursing Students

Question 1

Which of the following interactions is NOT a chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

van der Waals

Answer

Covalent

Answer

Ionic

Answer

Hydrogen

Question 2

Which fundamental unit retains the defining characteristics of a chemical element?

Accepted Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Compound

Answer

Ion

Question 3

In a chemical reaction known as synthesis, what is the primary outcome?

Accepted Answer

Formation of entirely new substances

Answer

Breakdown of existing substances

Answer

Replacement of one element with another

Answer

Exchange of ions between substances

Question 4

Within a cell, which organelle is central to the synthesis of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 5

Which cellular division process results in two identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Question 6

Given a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-7 M, what is the corresponding pH value?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

0

Answer

14

Answer

10^-7

Question 7

Amongst biomolecules, which one serves as the primary repository and transmitter of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 8

Within the cell, the Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging of proteins

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Question 9

What key role do enzymes play in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy required

Answer

Elevating the activation energy required

Answer

Providing an alternate pathway for the reaction

Answer

Consuming the products of the reaction

Question 10

How does the pH of the environment impact the structure and function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

pH mainly affects the enzyme's active site, altering substrate binding and catalysis.

Answer

pH has no influence on enzyme structure or function.

Answer

pH changes only affect enzyme function, not its structure.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a property of water essential for life processes?

Accepted Answer

High electrical conductivity

Answer

High specific heat capacity

Answer

High heat of vaporization

Answer

High surface tension

Question 12

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Van der Waals force

Question 13

What is the smallest unit of an element that can exist independently and still retain the chemical properties of that element?

Accepted Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Ion

Answer

Compound

Question 14

Which cell organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and consists of RNA and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

What is the process by which non-sex cells divide?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Question 16

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Decrease the activation energy of the reaction

Answer

Increase the activation energy of the reaction

Answer

Alter the products of the reaction

Answer

Act as reactants in the reaction

Question 17

Which of the following is a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base

Answer

Pure water

Answer

0.1 M HCl

Answer

0.1 M NaOH

Question 18

What is the fundamental particle known as the basic unit of matter?

Accepted Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Ion

Answer

Compound

Question 19

Select the statement that is NOT a characteristic of a covalent bond:

Accepted Answer

Forms weak bonds

Answer

Electrons are shared between atoms

Answer

Electrons are distributed equally

Answer

Can occur between different types of atoms

Question 20

Identify the cell structure primarily responsible for protein synthesis:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Nucleus

Question 21

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the separation of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 22

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Provides structural support for the cell

Answer

Stores the cell's genetic material

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Question 23

Which type of chemical reaction involves the transfer of electrons?

Accepted Answer

Redox reaction

Answer

Acid-base reaction

Answer

Precipitation reaction

Answer

Combustion reaction

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To generate new cells for growth and repair

Answer

To create gametes for reproduction

Answer

To reduce the number of chromosomes in a cell

Answer

To alter the genetic information in a cell

Question 25

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They increase the reaction rate without being consumed

Answer

They provide the energy needed for reactions

Answer

They alter the products of reactions

Answer

They initiate reactions

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals force

Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Question 27

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

To store genetic material

Answer

To provide structural support to the cell

Answer

To generate energy for the cell

Question 28

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

An atom is the smallest unit of an element, while a molecule is a combination of two or more atoms.

Answer

A molecule is the smallest unit of an element, while an atom is a combination of two or more molecules.

Answer

Atoms and molecules are the same thing.

Answer

Molecules are larger than atoms, but both are the smallest units of matter.

Question 29

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

To speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Answer

To slow down reactions by raising the activation energy

Answer

To create new molecules from existing ones

Answer

To break down molecules into smaller units

Question 30

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Generation of ATP

Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Answer

Breakdown of lipids

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 31

What is the chemical formula for water?

Accepted Answer

H2O

Answer

CO2

Answer

O2

Answer

CH4

Question 32

What are the four main types of interactions that hold biomolecules together inside a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen, van der Waals

Answer

Electrostatic, Hydrophobic, Peptide, van der Waals

Answer

Covalent, Disulfide, Hydrogen, Ionic

Question 33

Which element is a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Oxygen

Question 34

Which of the following is a fundamental particle, but not considered a subatomic particle?

Accepted Answer

Photon

Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Question 35

The process by which atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions is called:

Accepted Answer

Ionization

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Electrolysis

Question 36

Which of the following is the basic unit of life, capable of carrying out all life processes?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Answer

System

Question 37

The cellular structure responsible primarily for protein synthesis is the:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by the duplication of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Question 39

The division of a cell into two identical daughter cells, maintaining the same number of chromosomes, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 40

Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency within cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Protein

Answer

Lipid

Question 41

The process by which cells take in substances from their surroundings to meet their needs is called:

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 42

Which of the following processes involves the movement of molecules across a membrane without the need for energy input?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 43

The genetic information of a cell is stored and organized within the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

In genetic research, model organisms offer advantages and potential drawbacks. Evaluate their utility by considering both aspects.

Accepted Answer

Advantages: Genetic manipulation is easier, and reproductive cycles are faster.

Accepted Answer

Limitations: Applicability to human health may be limited due to species-specific differences.

Question 45

Define the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical identity.

Accepted Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Ion

Answer

Compound

Question 46

Identify the type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Question 47

Name the process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 48

Describe the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell.

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Answer

Generates energy

Answer

Stores genetic material

Question 49

Which type of transport across a cell membrane does not require energy?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Active transport

Question 50

State the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell.

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and facilitates cell movement

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Answer

Stores genetic material

Question 51

Identify the biomolecule composed of nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Question 52

What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

10

Answer

14

Answer

0

Question 53

Characterize a chemical reaction that releases heat into its surroundings.

Accepted Answer

Exothermic

Answer

Increases temperature

Answer

Absorbs heat

Question 54

Name the metabolic process by which cells utilize oxygen to produce energy.

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Photosynthesis