Fluid Statics: Pressure, Buoyancy, and Stability

Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately defines fluid statics?

Accepted Answer

The study of fluids at rest

Answer

The study of fluid flow

Answer

The study of forces acting on submerged objects

Answer

The study of fluid properties

Question 2

According to Pascal's law, when pressure is applied to a fluid:

Accepted Answer

It is transmitted equally throughout the fluid

Answer

It acts exclusively on the point of application

Answer

It diminishes as it travels through the fluid

Answer

It increases as it travels through the fluid

Question 3

In a fluid with density 'ρ', acceleration due to gravity 'g', and depth 'h', what is the hydrostatic pressure?

Accepted Answer

ρgh

Answer

ρhg/2

Answer

ρg/h

Answer

ρh/g

Question 4

Which instrument is used to measure pressure differences?

Accepted Answer

Manometer

Answer

Flowmeter

Answer

Pitot tube

Answer

Venturi tube

Question 5

Buoyancy force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is:

Accepted Answer

Equivalent to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Answer

Equivalent to the weight of the object

Answer

Equivalent to the difference between the weight of the fluid and the object

Answer

Equivalent to the density of the fluid multiplied by the object's volume

Question 6

For a floating object, the buoyant force acting on it is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Answer

Always greater than the weight of the object

Answer

Always less than the weight of the object

Answer

Always equal to the weight of the object

Question 7

According to Pascal's law, when pressure is applied to a fluid enclosed within a container, the pressure is transmitted:

Accepted Answer

Equally to every point in the fluid

Answer

Only to the bottom of the container

Answer

Only to the surface of the fluid

Answer

Only to the sides of the container

Question 8

A manometer is commonly used to measure:

Accepted Answer

Pressure difference

Answer

Fluid density

Answer

Fluid flow rate

Answer

Fluid temperature

Question 9

Buoyancy refers to:

Accepted Answer

The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or floating object

Answer

The downward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or floating object

Answer

The resistance of a fluid to the motion of an object through it

Answer

The change in volume of a fluid when pressure is applied

Question 10

According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Answer

Equal to the weight of the object itself

Answer

Proportional to the volume of the object

Answer

Independent of the fluid's density

Question 11

The pressure gradient in a fluid is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The change in pressure per unit distance in the direction of fluid flow

Answer

The force per unit area exerted by the fluid

Answer

The density of the fluid

Answer

The viscosity of the fluid

Question 12

A Newtonian fluid is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate

Answer

A non-linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate

Answer

A high viscosity

Answer

A low viscosity

Question 13

The primary cause of hydrostatic pressure is:

Accepted Answer

Gravity acting on the fluid

Answer

Viscosity of the fluid

Answer

Surface tension of the fluid

Answer

Elasticity of the fluid

Question 14

The equation for calculating hydrostatic pressure, where ρ is the fluid density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth, is:

Accepted Answer

P = ρgh

Answer

P = ρv^2

Answer

P = F/A

Answer

P = μv/L

Question 15

A submarine submerges to a depth where the pressure is 10 times atmospheric pressure, which is approximately 101.3 kPa. What is the pressure on the submarine's hull at that depth?

Accepted Answer

10,130 kPa

Answer

101.3 kPa

Answer

1,013 kPa

Answer

101,300 kPa

Question 16

Which of the following concepts is NOT fundamental to fluid statics?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Buoyancy

Answer

Stability of floating bodies

Question 17

According to Pascal's law, when pressure is applied to a fluid:

Accepted Answer

It is transmitted equally in all directions

Answer

It causes a change in the fluid's viscosity

Answer

It only affects the surface layer of the fluid

Answer

It decreases with increasing fluid depth

Question 18

The primary purpose of a manometer is to measure:

Accepted Answer

Pressure difference between two points

Answer

Flow rate of a fluid

Answer

Temperature of a fluid

Answer

Fluid viscosity

Question 19

Buoyancy is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The upward force exerted on a submerged object due to fluid pressure

Answer

The downward force exerted on a submerged object due to fluid weight

Answer

The force required to keep an object submerged in a fluid

Answer

The force that causes an object to float on the surface of a fluid

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a practical application of fluid statics?

Accepted Answer

Prediction of weather patterns

Answer

Design and analysis of dams and bridges

Answer

Operation and maintenance of hydraulic systems

Answer

Development of submersible vehicles

Question 21

According to Pascal's law, pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid in all directions. Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 22

Which device is used to measure pressure differences in a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Manometer

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Pitot tube

Answer

Venturi meter

Question 23

Buoyancy is an upward force exerted on an object submerged in a fluid. This force is equal to what?

Accepted Answer

Weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Answer

Mass of the object

Answer

Density of the fluid

Answer

Volume of the object

Question 24

In a fluid at rest, the net force acting on any small fluid element is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Gravity

Answer

Pressure gradient

Answer

Shear force

Question 25

The pressure head (in feet) of a fluid is numerically equal to its:

Accepted Answer

Height of the fluid column (in feet)

Answer

Pressure (in psi)

Answer

Density of the fluid (in lbm/ft³)

Answer

Velocity of the fluid (in ft/s)

Question 26

The hydrostatic force acting on a submerged plane surface is:

Accepted Answer

Perpendicular to the surface

Answer

Parallel to the surface

Answer

At an angle to the surface

Answer

Zero

Question 27

The standard international (SI) unit of pressure is:

Accepted Answer

Pascal (Pa)

Answer

Newton (N)

Answer

Joule (J)

Answer

Atmosphere (atm)

Question 28

According to Pascal's principle, when pressure is applied to a confined fluid, it is transmitted:

Accepted Answer

Equally in all directions

Answer

Only in the direction of the applied force

Answer

Predominantly in the horizontal plane

Answer

Mainly in the vertical direction

Question 29

The hydrostatic pressure exerted by a fluid at a depth 'h' is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

ρgh

Answer

ρg/h

Answer

gh/ρ

Answer

ρh/g

Question 30

Which device is commonly used to measure the pressure difference between two points in a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Manometer

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Piezometer

Answer

Hydrometer

Question 31

The buoyant force experienced by an object immersed in a fluid is equivalent to:

Accepted Answer

The weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Answer

The weight of the object itself

Answer

The volume of the object

Answer

The density of the fluid

Question 32

For a floating object to be stable, its:

Accepted Answer

Center of gravity must be below its center of buoyancy

Answer

Center of gravity must be above its center of buoyancy

Answer

Center of gravity must coincide with its center of buoyancy

Answer

Mass must be greater than the mass of the fluid it displaces

Question 33

Ignoring the effects of temperature and other factors, which property does NOT influence the pressure exerted by a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Shape of the container

Answer

Density

Answer

Height

Answer

Acceleration due to gravity

Question 34

A diver descends to a depth of 20 meters in seawater with a density of 1025 kg/m³. What pressure does the diver experience?

Accepted Answer

200 kPa

Answer

20 kPa

Answer

2000 kPa

Answer

2 kPa

Question 35

A rectangular tank with dimensions 2 m x 3 m x 1 m is filled with oil having a density of 800 kg/m³. Calculate the total force exerted by the oil on the bottom surface of the tank.

Accepted Answer

4800 N

Answer

2400 N

Answer

1200 N

Answer

600 N

Question 36

Explain how pressure is distributed in a fluid under static conditions. How does this distribution change when the fluid is in motion?

Accepted Answer

In static fluids, pressure increases linearly with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. In moving fluids, pressure can vary due to flow velocity and inertial effects.

Answer

Pressure is constant throughout a fluid, regardless of depth or motion.

Answer

Pressure in fluids is only affected by fluid density.

Question 37

Define pressure.

Accepted Answer

Force applied perpendicular to a surface per unit area

Answer

Force applied in the same direction as a surface per unit area

Answer

Force applied at an angle to a surface per unit area

Question 38

According to Pascal's law, applied pressure on a confined fluid:

Accepted Answer

Transmits undiminished in all directions

Answer

Transmits only in the direction of the applied force

Answer

Is directly proportional to the fluid density

Answer

Is inversely proportional to the surface area

Question 39

Hydrostatic pressure at a given depth in a fluid is determined by:

Accepted Answer

Fluid density, gravitational acceleration, and depth

Answer

Gravitational acceleration and depth only

Answer

Fluid density and gravitational acceleration only

Question 40

Buoyancy, an upward force exerted by a fluid, opposes the weight of an immersed object. What is the magnitude of the buoyant force?

Accepted Answer

Equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Answer

Greater than the weight of the object

Answer

Equal to the weight of the object

Question 41

What determines the stability of a floating body?

Accepted Answer

Center of gravity and the center of buoyancy

Answer

Temperature and pressure

Answer

Weight and volume

Answer

Density and shape

Question 42

For a floating body to be stable, what condition must be met?

Accepted Answer

Center of gravity must be below the center of buoyancy

Answer

Center of gravity must coincide with the center of buoyancy

Answer

Center of buoyancy must be below the center of gravity

Answer

Center of gravity must be above the center of buoyancy

Question 43

According to Pascal's law, when pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed system, it is transmitted

Accepted Answer

Equally to all points within the fluid

Answer

Only to the top surface of the fluid

Answer

Only to the sides of the container

Answer

Only to the bottom surface of the fluid

Question 44

A ship floats in water because the

Accepted Answer

Weight of the water displaced by the ship is equal to the weight of the ship

Answer

Weight of the water displaced by the ship is greater than the weight of the ship

Answer

Weight of the water displaced by the ship is less than the weight of the ship

Question 45

Which of the following is a fundamental property of a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Deforms continuously under shear stress

Answer

Is highly viscous

Answer

Can only exist in liquid form

Answer

Has a definite shape and volume

Question 46

In a static fluid, the net force acting on any small volume element is

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Equal to the weight of the fluid element

Answer

Proportional to the density of the fluid

Answer

Equal to the pressure gradient

Question 47

The pressure at a point in a fluid is defined as

Accepted Answer

Force per unit area

Answer

Density multiplied by volume

Answer

Mass divided by acceleration

Question 48

According to Pascal's Law, pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted...

Accepted Answer

Equally in all directions.

Answer

Only in the direction of the applied force.

Answer

Only vertically downwards.

Answer

Only horizontally.

Question 49

A manometer is a device used to measure...

Accepted Answer

The pressure difference between two points.

Answer

Fluid viscosity.

Answer

Absolute pressure.

Answer

Fluid density.

Question 50

An object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to...

Accepted Answer

The weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Answer

The density of the fluid.

Answer

The volume of the object.

Answer

The weight of the object.

Question 51

A ship floats because...

Accepted Answer

The buoyant force acting on it is equal to its weight.

Answer

It has a large surface area.

Answer

It's made of lightweight material.

Answer

It's hollow inside.

Question 52

A rectangular block with its center of gravity above its center of buoyancy is considered...

Accepted Answer

Unstable

Answer

Stable

Answer

Indeterminate

Answer

Neutral

Question 53

To dive, a submarine uses ballast tanks to...

Accepted Answer

Fill the tanks with water, increasing its density.

Answer

Increase its speed.

Answer

Empty the ballast tanks, decreasing its density.