Signal Transduction Pathways: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Biotechnology Students

Question 1

The PI3K pathway is primarily known for its regulation of:

Accepted Answer

Cell growth and proliferation

Answer

Cell differentiation

Answer

Cell death

Answer

Immune response

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a key regulator of the PI3K pathway?

Accepted Answer

JAK

Answer

PTEN

Answer

AKT

Answer

mTOR

Question 3

Which of the following signaling pathways is NOT discussed in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Wnt signaling pathway

Answer

MAP kinase pathway

Answer

PI3K pathway

Answer

JAK/STAT pathway

Question 4

Which component of the MAP kinase pathway directly phosphorylates MAP kinases?

Accepted Answer

MEK1

Answer

Raf-1

Answer

ERK

Answer

JNK

Question 5

Which cytokine receptor family triggers the JAK/STAT pathway?

Accepted Answer

Type I cytokine receptors

Answer

Type II cytokine receptors

Answer

GPCRs

Answer

RTKs

Question 6

Which pathway is primarily involved in regulating cell growth, metabolism, and energy balance?

Accepted Answer

PI3K pathway

Answer

MAP kinase pathway

Answer

JAK/STAT pathway

Answer

TGF-β signaling pathway

Question 7

Which primary signal molecule triggers the activation of the MAP kinase pathway?

Accepted Answer

Growth factors

Answer

Cytokines

Answer

Hormones

Answer

Neurotransmitters

Question 8

Identify the characteristic feature of the PI3K pathway.

Accepted Answer

Activation of AKT

Answer

Inhibition of cell growth

Answer

Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues

Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Question 9

Which pathway is directly involved in mediating immune responses to interferons?

Accepted Answer

JAK/STAT pathway

Answer

MAP kinase pathway

Answer

PI3K pathway

Answer

Wnt signaling pathway

Question 10

Excluding which pathway, the others are considered major signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

Wnt pathway

Answer

MAP kinase pathway

Answer

PI3K pathway

Answer

JAK/STAT pathway

Question 11

The JAK/STAT pathway primarily functions in:

Accepted Answer

Cytokine signaling

Answer

Growth factor signaling

Answer

Hormone signaling

Answer

Stress signaling

Question 12

Which protein plays a pivotal role in the MAP kinase pathway?

Accepted Answer

Raf

Answer

PI3K

Answer

STAT

Answer

Jak

Question 13

What is the primary function of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Activation of protein kinase B (Akt)

Answer

Inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway

Answer

Degradation of growth factor receptors

Answer

Up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes

Question 14

A characteristic feature of the JAK/STAT pathway is:

Accepted Answer

Activation of transcription factors

Answer

Inhibition of cell growth

Answer

Stimulation of protein kinase C

Answer

Induction of apoptosis

Question 15

Which molecule is not directly involved in signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Receptors

Answer

Ligands

Answer

Transcription factors

Question 16

An example of a ligand-gated ion channel is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine receptor

Answer

Growth factor receptor

Answer

G-protein coupled receptor

Answer

Steroid hormone receptor

Question 17

What is the role of protein phosphatases in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Removing phosphate groups from proteins

Answer

Adding phosphate groups to proteins

Answer

Binding to ligands

Answer

Activating transcription factors

Question 18

Prolonged activation of the PI3K pathway can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer

Cell death

Answer

Cell specialization

Answer

Cell movement

Question 19

How do signal transduction pathways regulate cell fate decisions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

By modulating the activity of transcription factors that control gene expression.

Accepted Answer

By phosphorylating proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, such as cyclin-dependent kinases.

Answer

By directly regulating the activity of ion channels.

Answer

By solely controlling the production of second messengers.

Question 20

Which of the following is the initial step in the MAP kinase pathway, triggering a cascade of activations?

Accepted Answer

Activation of Ras

Answer

Activation of Erk

Answer

Activation of MEK

Answer

Activation of Raf

Question 21

Which downstream molecule is a primary target of the PI3K pathway, involved in regulating cell growth and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Akt

Answer

Raf

Answer

STAT3

Answer

Erk

Question 22

Which cytokine is known to initiate the JAK/STAT pathway, leading to cellular responses?

Accepted Answer

Interferon-γ

Answer

EGF

Answer

Insulin

Answer

TNF-α

Question 23

The MAP kinase pathway exerts its effects primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation cascade

Answer

Lipidation

Answer

Ubiquitination

Answer

Acetylation

Question 24

Cell growth and metabolism are critical cellular processes regulated by which signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

PI3K pathway

Answer

Cell death

Answer

Cell differentiation

Answer

Cell cycle arrest

Question 25

Which molecule serves as a downstream target of the JAK/STAT pathway, playing a role in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

SOCS1

Answer

E2F1

Answer

p53

Answer

Rb

Question 26

Identify the type of cell surface receptor characterized by its seven transmembrane helices, commonly involved in signal transduction:

Accepted Answer

7-transmembrane helix receptor

Answer

G protein-gated ion channel

Answer

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channel

Question 27

Gefitinib, a targeted therapy, inhibits which signaling pathway, demonstrating its clinical significance in treating certain cancers?

Accepted Answer

EGFR signaling pathway

Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

Tamoxifen

Answer

Paclitaxel

Question 28

Which technology has revolutionized the study of gene expression and signal transduction pathways, allowing for comprehensive analysis?

Accepted Answer

Microarrays

Answer

Capillary electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

Cryo-electron microscopy