Carbon-Based Biomaterials: Properties and Applications in Biomedicine

Question 1

What is the primary constituent of carbon nanotubes?

Accepted Answer

Graphite layers arranged in a cylindrical shape

Answer

Diamond arranged in a nanotube structure

Answer

Fullerene molecules bonded together

Answer

Carbon fiber twisted into a nanotube shape

Question 2

What is the difference between single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes?

Accepted Answer

Number of graphene layers in the nanotube structure

Answer

Diameter and length of the nanotubes

Answer

Electrical conductivity and thermal stability

Answer

Solubility in aqueous solutions and biocompatibility

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbon nanotubes?

Accepted Answer

Solubility in water and low biocompatibility

Answer

High strength-to-weight ratio

Answer

Electrical and thermal conductivity

Answer

Excellent mechanical properties

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of carbon-based biomaterial?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Answer

Fullerene

Answer

Carbon fiber

Answer

Polymer

Question 5

What is the primary structural difference between graphene and carbon nanotubes?

Accepted Answer

Graphene has a 2D structure, while carbon nanotubes are cylindrical.

Answer

Graphene is flexible, while carbon nanotubes are rigid.

Answer

Carbon nanotubes are electrically conductive, while graphene is not.

Question 6

Which type of carbon-based biomaterial exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity, making it promising for neural tissue engineering?

Accepted Answer

Carbon nanofibers

Answer

Carbon black

Answer

Graphite oxide

Answer

Activated carbon

Question 7

What is the fundamental structural component of carbon nanotubes, giving rise to their distinctive properties?

Accepted Answer

Graphite sheets rolled into a cylindrical shape

Answer

Spherical carbon molecules

Answer

Linear chains of carbon atoms

Answer

Branched carbon structures

Question 8

What is the primary factor that determines the biocompatibility of carbon-based biomaterials?

Accepted Answer

Surface properties and functionalization

Answer

Size and shape

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Mechanical strength

Question 9

Which of the following are potential applications of carbon-based biomaterials in drug delivery?

Accepted Answer

Targeted drug delivery to specific tissues or cells

Accepted Answer

Enhanced drug bioavailability and stability

Accepted Answer

Improved cellular uptake and drug permeability

Answer

Exclusive application for hydrophilic drugs

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of carbon nanotubes?

Accepted Answer

Biodegradability in physiological conditions

Answer

Exceptional mechanical strength and flexibility

Answer

Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity

Answer

High thermal stability

Question 11

How are graphene oxide sheets typically produced?

Accepted Answer

Chemical exfoliation of graphite using strong acids and oxidants

Answer

Chemical vapor deposition on metal substrates

Answer

Laser ablation of graphite targets

Answer

Electrospinning of polymer solutions containing graphene precursors

Question 12

Which of the following techniques is used to characterize the surface properties of carbon-based biomaterials?

Accepted Answer

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

Answer

X-ray diffraction (XRD)

Answer

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 13

What is the key difference between carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers?

Accepted Answer

Structural dimensions and aspect ratio

Answer

Electrical conductivity and thermal stability

Answer

Mechanical strength and toughness

Answer

Surface area and porosity

Question 14

Identify the unique property that distinguishes carbon nanotubes from other materials:

Accepted Answer

Exceptional combination of high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity

Answer

Biodegradability in natural environments

Answer

Solubility in aqueous solutions

Question 15

In the context of drug delivery, what is a primary application of carbon-based biomaterials?

Accepted Answer

Targeted drug delivery systems

Answer

Monitoring devices for disease diagnostics

Answer

Tissue engineering scaffolds for cell growth

Answer

Antimicrobial agents for infection control

Question 16

Graphene oxide, a derivative of graphene, exhibits which notable characteristics?

Accepted Answer

High surface area and hydrophilic nature, facilitating interactions with water

Answer

Hydrophobic surface, restricting interactions with aqueous environments

Answer

Low electrical conductivity, limiting its use in electronic applications

Question 17

Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the biocompatibility of carbon-based biomaterials?

Accepted Answer

Surface chemistry, influencing interactions with biological systems

Answer

Shape of the biomaterial, impacting its interaction with cells and tissues

Answer

Size of the biomaterial, affecting its cellular uptake and distribution

Answer

Crystallinity of the biomaterial, influencing its mechanical stability

Question 18

In tissue engineering, a common application of carbon-based biomaterials is:

Accepted Answer

Scaffolds that support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation

Answer

Drug delivery vehicles for targeted therapy within tissues

Answer

Biosensors for monitoring tissue regeneration progress

Question 19

Which technique is commonly employed for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes?

Accepted Answer

Chemical vapor deposition, involving the growth of nanotubes from a gaseous source

Answer

Freeze-drying, a process for removing water from a frozen solution

Answer

Electrospinning, a method for producing nanofibers from a polymer solution

Answer

Polymerization, a chemical reaction for forming polymers from monomers

Question 20

Compared to traditional biomaterials, what advantages do carbon-based biomaterials offer?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility, enabling integration with biological systems

Answer

Reduced manufacturing costs, making them more economical

Answer

Simplified sterilization procedures, facilitating their use in medical applications

Question 21

A potential challenge associated with the use of carbon-based biomaterials is:

Accepted Answer

Toxicity at high concentrations, necessitating careful consideration of dosage and exposure

Answer

Limited availability of raw materials, affecting their scalability

Answer

Difficulty in integrating with biological systems, limiting their applications

Answer

Lack of regulatory approval for clinical use, restricting their widespread adoption

Question 22

For bone tissue engineering applications, which biomaterial is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite-coated carbon nanotubes, combining the advantages of both materials

Answer

Collagen, a structural protein found in bone, providing a natural scaffold

Answer

Silk fibroin, a natural protein with biodegradability and biocompatibility

Answer

Polyurethane, a synthetic polymer with good mechanical properties