Communicable Diseases: Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment

Question 1

To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, which of these should you **NOT** do?

Accepted Answer

Share food and drinks with others

Answer

Wash your hands often

Answer

Stay home if you're sick

Question 2

How does influenza primarily spread?

Accepted Answer

Breathing in airborne droplets

Answer

Touching contaminated surfaces

Answer

Eating or drinking contaminated food or water

Answer

Direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids

Question 3

Which of the following diseases is NOT an example of a communicable disease?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Question 4

Which medication is primarily used to treat chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Rest and fluids

Answer

Aspirin

Question 5

Describe the key steps involved in the replication cycle of a virus, highlighting the role of viral proteins in each step.

Accepted Answer

Attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, release

Answer

Replication, transcription, translation, assembly, release

Answer

Attachment, replication, assembly, release

Answer

Penetration, replication, transcription, translation, release

Question 6

Which of the following statements about vaccines is true?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines work by stimulating the body's immune system to produce antibodies that protect against specific diseases.

Answer

Vaccines are not effective in preventing the spread of diseases.

Question 7

How do social and cultural factors impact the spread of communicable diseases? Explain how cultural practices, beliefs, and behaviors can affect disease transmission and prevention.

Accepted Answer

Cultural factors can affect disease transmission by influencing access to healthcare, sanitation, and hygiene practices.

Accepted Answer

Cultural beliefs can influence disease prevention by encouraging or discouraging specific behaviors, such as vaccination or condom use.

Answer

Social and cultural factors have no influence on the spread of communicable diseases.

Question 8

How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance? Explain the roles of genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure in this process.

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutations change the antibiotic target, making it less effective. Horizontal gene transfer shares resistance genes between bacteria. Selective pressure from antibiotic use favors resistant bacteria.

Answer

Antibiotic resistance is only caused by the natural evolution of bacteria.

Answer

Antibiotic resistance is due to bacteria forming protective biofilms.

Answer

Antibiotic resistance is an unchangeable property of all bacteria.

Question 9

Which of the following is **not** a type of vaccine used to prevent communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Antiviral medications

Answer

Live attenuated vaccines

Answer

Inactivated vaccines

Answer

Toxoid vaccines

Question 10

Which of these is an example of a communicable disease?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Cancer

Question 11

How does the immune system help develop long-lasting protection against communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

It remembers specific germs and creates antibodies to fight them off quickly if they return.

Answer

It constantly changes to make new antibodies that can attack any new germs.

Answer

It depends on antibiotics to kill germs and prevent re-infection.

Answer

It gets weaker over time, making people more likely to get sick.

Question 12

How does stigma surrounding communicable diseases negatively affect individuals?

Accepted Answer

Stigma can lead to feelings of shame, isolation, and low self-esteem, harming mental health.

Accepted Answer

Stigma can limit job opportunities and access to essential services, causing financial difficulties.

Answer

Stigma has no negative impact on individuals with communicable diseases.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Casual contact with an infected person

Answer

Direct contact with an infected person

Answer

Inhalation of contaminated air droplets

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the air?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Cholera

Answer

HIV

Answer

Salmonella

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Tamiflu

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Question 16

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by a vector?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Measles

Question 17

What is the term for the time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Incubation period

Answer

Latent period

Answer

Prodrome period

Answer

Convalescence period

Question 18

Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) is the most prevalent in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Answer

Gonorrhea

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

HIV

Question 19

How does the immune system help control the spread of communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

It detects pathogens and creates antibodies to fight them.

Answer

It only fights active infections and doesn't prevent their spread.

Answer

It's the only thing that stops diseases from spreading.

Answer

It doesn't play a role in controlling the spread of communicable diseases.

Question 20

Why is contact tracing a crucial tool in managing outbreaks of communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

It helps identify people who may have been exposed, allowing for prompt action to prevent further spread.

Answer

It's a waste of time and resources.

Answer

It's only needed in major outbreaks.

Answer

It's solely the responsibility of medical professionals.

Question 21

Define herd immunity and explain its significance in preventing the spread of communicable diseases.

Accepted Answer

Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of the population is immune to a disease, making it harder for the disease to spread to vulnerable individuals.

Answer

Herd immunity is achieved only when a disease has been completely eliminated from a population.

Answer

Herd immunity is effective only against mild diseases.

Answer

Herd immunity can be achieved only through natural infection.

Question 22

How do hygiene and sanitation practices, such as handwashing and proper waste disposal, contribute to reducing the spread of communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Handwashing removes pathogens from hands, reducing transmission through direct contact.

Accepted Answer

Proper waste disposal prevents pathogen accumulation in the environment, reducing exposure and infection risk.

Answer

They prevent the spread of airborne diseases only.

Answer

Hygiene and sanitation practices alone prevent communicable diseases, making other preventive measures unnecessary.

Question 23

How does climate change affect the spread of diseases carried by insects or animals?

Accepted Answer

Changes habitats and expands the reach of disease-carrying organisms

Answer

Makes vaccines less effective

Answer

Boosts the body's ability to fight off infections

Question 24

How do behavioral and social sciences aid in understanding and combating the spread of communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

They help identify factors that affect individual risk and guide targeted interventions.

Answer

They are solely responsible for treating communicable diseases.

Answer

They have no relevance to public health measures for controlling communicable diseases.

Question 25

Which of the following is a strategy used to increase vaccination rates and overcome vaccine hesitancy in preventing communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Education and community outreach campaigns

Answer

Mandatory vaccination policies

Answer

Offering financial incentives

Answer

Restricting access to information

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a recognized mode of transmission for communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Astral projection

Answer

Contact with infected persons

Answer

Inhalation of airborne microorganisms

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated substances

Question 27

The principal mode of transmission for influenza is:

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

Answer

Close contact with infected individuals

Answer

Consumption of contaminated food

Answer

None of the aforementioned

Question 28

The incubation period of a communicable disease describes the:

Accepted Answer

Interval between exposure and symptom onset

Answer

Interval between symptom onset and recovery

Answer

Interval between diagnosis and treatment

Answer

Interval between exposure and diagnosis

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of an endemic disease?

Accepted Answer

Persistently present within a specific region

Answer

Sporadically occurring in a population

Answer

Causing a rapid surge in cases

Answer

Always fatal

Question 30

The measles vaccine is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Live attenuated vaccine

Answer

Inactivated vaccine

Answer

Toxoid vaccine

Answer

Subunit vaccine

Question 31

The recommended treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea is:

Accepted Answer

Ceftriaxone injection

Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Telepathy

Answer

Direct contact with an infected person

Answer

Indirect contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

Question 33

Which of the following communicable diseases is caused by a virus?

Accepted Answer

Measles

Answer

Strep throat

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 34

What is the primary role of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria

Answer

To cure viral infections

Answer

To prevent the spread of disease

Answer

To boost the body's immune system

Question 35

What is the key difference between an endemic and an epidemic?

Accepted Answer

Endemic diseases are more common in a specific region, while epidemics are more widespread.

Answer

Endemic diseases typically cause mild illness, while epidemics are more severe.

Answer

Epidemic diseases spread more slowly than endemic diseases.

Answer

Endemic diseases are caused by bacteria, while epidemics are caused by viruses.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a recognized mode of communicable disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

Genetic inheritance

Answer

Airborne transmission

Answer

Contact transmission

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 37

Which measure is considered the most effective in preventing the spread of influenza?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Regular handwashing

Answer

Wearing a face mask

Answer

Avoiding contact with infected individuals

Question 38

Which characteristic is unique to sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Transmission solely through sexual contact

Answer

Potential for serious health complications

Answer

Guaranteed curability

Answer

Transmissibility through contaminated objects

Question 39

What is the typical incubation period for measles?

Accepted Answer

14-21 days

Answer

1-2 days

Answer

7-14 days

Answer

21-28 days

Question 40

Which symptom is most commonly experienced with the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Sore throat

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of immunization?

Accepted Answer

To prevent or lessen the severity of a disease in an individual

Answer

To eradicate a disease from the population

Answer

To treat an existing communicable disease

Answer

To cure a communicable disease

Question 42

Which of the following is a typical symptom of the flu?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Stomach pain

Answer

Pink eye

Question 43

What is the typical incubation period for chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

10-21 days

Answer

1-2 days

Answer

2-3 weeks

Answer

1-2 months

Question 44

Which of the following measures is most effective in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Using condoms

Answer

Getting vaccinated

Answer

Practicing abstinence

Answer

Washing hands frequently

Question 45

What is the name of the virus that causes COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV-2

Answer

Influenza A virus

Answer

Human rhinovirus

Answer

Ebola virus

Question 46

Influenza is primarily spread through:

Accepted Answer

Airborne droplets

Answer

Direct contact with infected individuals

Answer

Insect vectors

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Question 47

The causative agent of measles is a:

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Protozoan

Answer

Fungus

Answer

Bacterium

Question 48

A defining characteristic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is:

Accepted Answer

Transmission through sexual contact

Answer

Always being curable

Answer

Causing severe symptoms in all cases

Answer

Only preventable through vaccination

Question 49

The most effective method for preventing HIV transmission is:

Accepted Answer

Correct and consistent condom use

Answer

Antiviral medication

Answer

Vaccination

Question 50

A major risk factor for contracting malaria is:

Accepted Answer

Traveling to a malaria-endemic region

Answer

Living in a highly developed country

Answer

Having a weakened immune system

Answer

Being over the age of 65

Question 51

The most common severe complication of untreated gonorrhea is:

Accepted Answer

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer

Infertility

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Blindness

Question 52

An epidemic is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A sudden increase in the number of disease cases in a specific population

Answer

A disease that is always present in a population

Answer

A disease only found in certain parts of the world

Question 53

The primary purpose of contact tracing is to:

Accepted Answer

Identify and notify individuals who may have been exposed to an infectious disease

Answer

Develop a vaccine for a new disease

Answer

Treat individuals who are infected with a disease

Question 54

Passive immunity refers to:

Accepted Answer

Immunity acquired from another source, such as a mother through breast milk

Answer

Immunity developed after vaccination

Answer

Immunity injected in the form of an immunoglobulin

Answer

Immunity acquired after an infection

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for communicable diseases?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of pollen

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Droplet transmission

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Influenza

Question 57

What is the primary goal of immunization?

Accepted Answer

To induce immunity to specific diseases

Answer

To prevent the spread of all diseases

Answer

To treat existing infections

Answer

To cure communicable diseases

Question 58

What is the name of the organism that causes the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 59

What is the recommended treatment for strep throat?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Over-the-counter pain relievers

Answer

Rest and fluids

Answer

No treatment is necessary

Question 60

What is the name of the organization responsible for leading the global fight against infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer

American Medical Association (AMA)

Answer

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 61

Which of the following statements about communicable diseases is true?

Accepted Answer

They can spread rapidly in crowded environments.

Answer

They are not a major public health concern.

Answer

They are always fatal.

Answer

They only affect people with weakened immune systems.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Telepathy

Answer

Vector-borne

Answer

Direct contact

Answer

Airborne

Question 63

The primary agents responsible for causing communicable diseases are known as:

Accepted Answer

Pathogens

Answer

Toxins

Answer

Carcinogens

Answer

Allergens

Question 64

Which of the following types of bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning and gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Salmonella

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis