DNA and RNA: The Building Blocks of Life - Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which components make up a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Ribose or deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer

Phosphate group

Question 2

Which base pairs with adenine?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Question 3

What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, contains thymine, and is found in the nucleus. RNA is single-stranded, contains uracil, and is found in the cytoplasm.

Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 4

Define the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

The set of rules that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Answer

The sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Question 5

Who made significant contributions to discovering the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 6

What is the correct order of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

Answer

Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine

Answer

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine

Answer

Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Ligase

Question 8

What is a mutation?

Accepted Answer

A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence

Answer

A temporary change in the mRNA sequence

Answer

An error in protein synthesis

Answer

A change in the phenotype of an organism

Question 9

Which type of mutation can lead to the addition of an amino acid to a protein?

Accepted Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 10

What is the process by which cells divide to produce genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 11

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Guanine

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 13

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Single helix

Answer

Triple helix

Answer

Linear chain

Question 14

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Initiates protein synthesis

Answer

Elongates the growing polypeptide chain

Answer

Terminates protein synthesis

Question 15

What does the acronym 'mRNA' stand for?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA

Answer

Modified RNA

Answer

Mature RNA

Answer

Mitochondrial RNA

Question 16

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins

Answer

RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is then translated into proteins

Answer

Proteins are transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into DNA

Answer

DNA is translated into proteins, which are then transcribed into RNA

Question 17

Which type of mutation involves the substitution of one base for another?

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Inversion

Question 18

Which of these is NOT a base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Question 19

Which component is not a part of a nucleotide in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Answer

Sugar

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Adenine

Question 20

Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 21

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Delivers genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

Answer

Forms amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer

Translates genetic code into RNA

Answer

Stores genetic information in the nucleus

Question 22

What is RNA polymerase's function in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzes the joining of RNA nucleotides

Answer

Initiates the unwinding of the DNA double helix

Answer

Proofreads the newly formed RNA molecule

Answer

Recognizes and binds to specific promoter sequences on DNA

Question 23

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is present only in RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Thymine

Question 24

The backbone of a DNA molecule consists of:

Accepted Answer

Sugar-phosphate groups arranged in a double helix

Answer

Nitrogenous bases linked by hydrogen bonds

Answer

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer

Phosphate groups linked by sugar molecules

Question 25

The process of copying DNA into a complementary mRNA molecule is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 26

Which cellular component is responsible for catalyzing protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 27

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule directly determines the sequence of:

Accepted Answer

Amino acids in a protein

Answer

Sugars in a carbohydrate

Answer

Lipids in a fat

Answer

Nucleotides in another DNA molecule

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing peptide bond formation

Answer

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Decoding mRNA codons

Answer

Transferring genetic information

Question 29

The genetic code that governs protein synthesis is:

Accepted Answer

Universal across all living organisms

Answer

Unique to each species

Answer

Different for prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer

Subject to change over time

Question 30

Which technology is primarily used to analyze and identify DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

CRISPR-Cas9

Question 31

Who is credited with the discovery of DNA as the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Fred Sanger

Answer

Erwin Chargaff

Question 32

What is the role of RNA in transporting genetic information from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Question 33

What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Primase

Question 34

What is the role of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

They are removed from RNA transcripts after transcription.

Answer

They encode essential proteins.

Answer

They regulate gene expression.

Answer

They provide structural support to mRNA molecules.

Question 35

How does a frameshift mutation affect the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It changes the reading frame of the mRNA.

Answer

It modifies the promoter sequence of the gene.

Answer

It creates a stop codon mutation.

Answer

It adds or removes introns.

Question 36

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Adenine

Question 37

The backbone of each strand of DNA is made of alternating:

Accepted Answer

Sugar and phosphate groups

Answer

Phosphate groups and nitrogenous bases

Answer

Sugar and nitrogenous bases

Answer

Nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups

Question 38

During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Ligase

Question 39

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 40

The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides called:

Accepted Answer

Codons

Answer

Exons

Answer

Anticodons

Answer

Introns

Question 41

Which type of mutation changes only one nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Deletion mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Insertion mutation

Question 42

The process of deactivating a gene is known as:

Accepted Answer

Gene silencing

Answer

Gene expression

Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Gene editing

Question 43

What is the main function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes mRNA using DNA as a template

Answer

Breaks down DNA into nucleotides

Answer

Copies RNA into DNA

Answer

Unwinds the DNA double helix

Question 44

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 45

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Answer

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Transfers amino acids to tRNA

Question 46

Which of the following best describes DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A semi-conservative process that produces two identical daughter molecules

Answer

A dispersive process that produces four different daughter molecules

Answer

A conservative process that produces one identical daughter molecule

Question 47

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 48

In eukaryotic genes, what are the non-coding regions called?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Answer

Promoters

Answer

Codons

Answer

Exons

Question 49

Which type of mutation involves the substitution of one nucleotide for another?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Inversion mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Duplication mutation