Cells and Cell Processes: A Comprehensive Guide for High School Juniors

Question 1

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the cell's energy currency

Answer

Acting as a building block for DNA and RNA

Answer

Catalyzing enzyme reactions

Answer

Serving as a waste product of cellular respiration

Question 2

What is the key distinction between a lysosome and a vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, while vacuoles do not.

Answer

Lysosomes are exclusive to plant cells, while vacuoles are exclusive to animal cells.

Answer

Vacuoles are involved in protein synthesis, while lysosomes are involved in digestion.

Answer

Lysosomes are always larger than vacuoles.

Question 3

Which type of cell division results in the production of sex cells (gametes)?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 4

What is the primary responsibility of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Storing the cell's genetic material

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cell division

Answer

Generating cellular energy

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

What is the primary product resulting from the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Water

Question 7

Identify the type of cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles:

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Animal cell

Answer

Fungal cell

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for carrying out cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

In plant cells, the cell wall:

Accepted Answer

Surrounds and protects the cell

Answer

Regulates substance movement

Answer

Contains genetic material

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Question 10

Which process involves the conversion of glucose to glycogen for energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 11

Diffusion is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 12

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Protein packaging and modification

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Waste removal

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Facilitating cell movement

Answer

Assisting in cell division

Question 14

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is not a key function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Producing ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer

Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Providing structural support and protection for the cell

Answer

Facilitating communication between cells

Question 16

Which cell organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

What is the correct sequence of the main phases in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1, S, G2, M

Answer

S, G1, G2, M

Answer

M, G1, S, G2

Answer

G2, S, M, G1

Question 18

Which type of cell division produces two daughter cells with identical genetic information as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 19

What is the primary energy molecule used to power cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Question 20

Which of the following characteristics is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus containing genetic material

Answer

Smaller cell size compared to prokaryotic cells

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Reproduction solely through binary fission

Question 21

What is the primary function of enzymes in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Speeding up chemical reactions

Answer

Providing energy for reactions to occur

Answer

Transcribing DNA into RNA

Answer

Transporting molecules across cell membranes

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a distinct stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 23

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To transport materials into and out of the cell

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To store energy

Answer

To remove waste products

Question 24

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 25

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have a nucleus

Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles

Answer

They are small in size

Answer

They do not have DNA

Question 26

What is the main function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To synthesize lipids

Answer

To store carbohydrates

Answer

To dispose of waste

Question 27

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 28

What is the process by which organic molecules are broken down to release energy?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 30

What is the primary function of enzymes in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

To speed up chemical reactions

Answer

To slow down chemical reactions

Answer

To break down complex molecules

Answer

To store energy

Question 31

What is the basic unit of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Amino acid

Question 32

How do the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis makes energy-rich molecules that cellular respiration uses to release energy.

Answer

They happen separately in different organisms.

Answer

Cellular respiration makes oxygen that photosynthesis uses to make glucose.

Question 33

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 34

What is the process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Budding

Question 35

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 36

What molecule is the universal energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 37

Which of the following is the genetic material of all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 38

What is the first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 39

Which organelle synthesizes and processes proteins?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 40

What structure regulates the entry and exit of materials from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell wall

Question 41

Which phase of the cell cycle is dedicated to cell growth and chromosome duplication?

Accepted Answer

S

Answer

G1

Answer

G2

Answer

M

Question 42

What is the primary role of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and protection

Answer

Controlling water movement

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Performing photosynthesis

Question 43

What is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA into RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 44

Which consequence does NOT result from maintaining homeostasis in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Greater vulnerability to environmental changes

Answer

Optimal enzyme function

Answer

Efficient transport of nutrients

Answer

Increased cell longevity

Question 45

The process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary Fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 46

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 47

The exchange of gases between a cell and its surroundings occurs through:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active Transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 48

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Provides structural support

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Answer

Stores genetic material

Question 49

The energy currency of the cell is:

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Question 50

The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation