Tuberculosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

How can the immune system's response affect the severity of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

An overactive immune response can damage the lungs and worsen TB symptoms.

Answer

The immune system always fights off TB bacteria, preventing infection.

Answer

The immune system has no role in TB infection.

Question 2

What is the primary bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 3

Which of the following is the most prevalent symptom of tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent cough lasting more than 2 weeks

Answer

Elevated body temperature (fever)

Answer

Unintentional weight loss

Answer

Night sweats

Question 4

Which diagnostic procedure is commonly employed to confirm a tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Skin test

Question 5

What is the term used to describe a dormant form of tuberculosis (TB) infection?

Accepted Answer

Latent TB infection

Answer

Active TB disease

Answer

Multidrug-resistant TB

Answer

Extensively drug-resistant TB

Question 6

Which population group is at the greatest risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with weakened immune systems

Answer

The elderly

Answer

Children under 5 years old

Answer

Pregnant women

Question 7

What is the recommended duration of treatment for active tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

12 months

Answer

6 months

Answer

18 months

Answer

24 months

Question 8

How can you distinguish between the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia, two respiratory infections with overlapping symptoms? Explain the main differences in their symptoms.

Accepted Answer

TB typically causes coughing, fever, fatigue, and weight loss, while pneumonia may additionally cause chest pain and shortness of breath.

Answer

TB is more severe than pneumonia and always requires hospitalization.

Answer

Pneumonia is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, while TB is only spread through airborne droplets.

Answer

There are no key distinctions between the symptoms of TB and pneumonia.

Question 9

The primary causative agent of tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 10

The most common symptom associated with tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Fever

Answer

Chills

Answer

Fatigue

Question 11

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Skin test

Answer

Blood test

Question 12

The recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

9-12 months

Answer

3-6 months

Answer

6-9 months

Answer

12-15 months

Question 13

The vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis is called:

Accepted Answer

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

Answer

Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR)

Answer

Polio

Answer

Tetanus

Question 14

Which of the following symptoms is not typically associated with tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Night sweats

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Fatigue

Question 15

What are two potential health consequences of untreated tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

Organ damage and failure

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of developing certain cancers

Answer

Complete recovery without treatment

Answer

No significant impact on health

Question 16

Which of the following is the bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 17

What is the primary site of infection for tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Lungs

Answer

Bones

Answer

Lymph nodes

Answer

Skin

Question 18

Which combination of tests is typically used to diagnose tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray, sputum culture, and a skin test.

Answer

Physical examination only

Answer

Chest X-ray only

Answer

Sputum culture only

Question 19

Which of the following is a first-line medication for treating tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Tetracycline

Question 20

What is a latent tuberculosis infection?

Accepted Answer

An infection that has been cured but can reactivate under certain circumstances

Answer

An active infection that has not yet caused symptoms

Answer

An infection that will never progress to active disease

Answer

An infection that is only transmitted through the air

Question 21

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a global health challenge. Analyze the significant obstacles and promising advancements in TB vaccine development, considering both the difficulties and potential breakthroughs.

Accepted Answer

Challenges include limited vaccine efficacy, safety concerns, and the complex nature of TB bacteria, while prospects involve progress in mRNA and viral vector technologies.

Answer

TB vaccines are readily available and highly effective in preventing infection.

Answer

TB vaccine development is not a priority due to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating the infection.

Answer

Future prospects for TB vaccine development are limited due to a lack of understanding of the TB bacteria.

Question 22

Which bacterium is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Bacillus anthracis

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Persistent cough, sometimes with blood-tinged sputum

Answer

Weight loss and fatigue

Answer

Fever and chills

Question 24

Which of the following groups is generally considered to be at the highest risk of developing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with weakened immune systems

Answer

Elderly adults

Answer

Healthcare workers

Answer

Children under 5 years old

Question 25

What is the recommended duration of treatment for active tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

12 months

Answer

2 months

Answer

6 months

Answer

18 months

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a recommended preventive measure for tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Vaccination (BCG)

Answer

Maintaining good hygiene and ventilation

Answer

Avoiding crowded and poorly ventilated areas

Question 27

What is a key concern associated with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

Accepted Answer

It can potentially develop into active TB

Answer

It always requires immediate treatment

Answer

It is highly contagious

Answer

It never causes any symptoms

Question 28

For individuals with active drug-susceptible tuberculosis, what is the standard initial treatment regimen?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide

Answer

Isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, and ethionamide

Answer

Rifampin, pyrazinamide, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin

Answer

Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, clarithromycin, and azithromycin

Question 29

How does patient empowerment contribute to better tuberculosis (TB) outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Empowers patients with knowledge and skills for self-management.

Answer

Reduces TB stigma but has no direct impact on patient empowerment.

Answer

Provides information to patients but does not empower them.

Question 30

What is the bacterial agent that primarily causes tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 31

Which symptom is most frequently associated with tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A persistent cough

Answer

A high fever

Answer

Significant weight loss

Answer

Extreme fatigue

Question 32

Which diagnostic test is primarily used to confirm a tuberculosis diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A sputum culture

Answer

A chest X-ray

Answer

A blood test

Answer

A physical examination

Question 33

Which potential complication of tuberculosis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 34

How does tuberculosis primarily spread from person to person?

Accepted Answer

Through direct contact with respiratory droplets

Answer

Through contaminated food or water

Answer

Through insect bites

Answer

Through contact with animals

Question 35

What is the BCG vaccine primarily intended to do?

Accepted Answer

Prevent tuberculosis

Answer

Treat tuberculosis

Answer

Diagnose tuberculosis

Answer

Cure latent tuberculosis infection

Question 36

When developing new TB diagnostic tools, what key factors must be considered to meet the urgent need for fast, accurate, and widely available testing?

Accepted Answer

Technical limitations, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory approvals

Answer

Patient compliance, technological advancements, and resource availability

Answer

Environmental factors, cultural beliefs, and social stigma

Answer

Treatment options, vaccine development, and drug resistance

Question 37

A risk factor NOT associated with developing tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Good nutrition

Answer

Weak immune system

Answer

Contact with an infected person

Answer

Living in crowded conditions

Question 38

Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted:

Accepted Answer

Through the air

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Answer

Insect bites

Question 39

The primary causative agent of tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of active tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Swelling in the limbs

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Chronic cough

Answer

Night sweats

Question 41

Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through:

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets containing bacteria

Answer

Contact with infected blood

Answer

Insect bites

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Question 42

Which diagnostic tool is considered the gold standard for confirming tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing

Answer

Physical examination

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Skin test alone

Question 43

The recommended treatment for active tuberculosis typically involves:

Accepted Answer

A combination of multiple antibiotics for several months

Answer

A single dose of antibiotics

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Rest and isolation alone

Question 44

The BCG vaccine is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent severe forms of tuberculosis in children

Answer

Prevent tuberculosis transmission

Answer

Treat active tuberculosis

Question 45

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Weakened immune system due to HIV infection

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Question 46

Which of the following is a common complication of untreated tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Heart attack

Answer

Diabetes

Question 47

What is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 48

Where does the primary infection of tuberculosis typically occur?

Accepted Answer

Lungs

Answer

Skin

Answer

Genitourinary tract

Answer

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 49

Which of the following is a common respiratory symptom associated with tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Eye irritation

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 50

Which of the following is a first-line antibiotic used to treat uncomplicated tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 51

Which of the following is a key public health measure to prevent tuberculosis infection?

Accepted Answer

BCG vaccination

Answer

Using condoms

Answer

Wearing a face mask

Answer

Handwashing

Question 52

Which group of individuals is generally considered to be at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Immunocompromised individuals

Answer

Children

Answer

Healthy adults

Answer

Elderly individuals

Question 53

What is the primary purpose of the Mantoux test in tuberculosis prevention?

Accepted Answer

To identify individuals who have been exposed to TB bacteria

Answer

To determine the effectiveness of TB treatment

Answer

To diagnose active TB infection