Pathology Terminology: Master Medical Terms for Diseases and Disorders

Question 1

Which term precisely describes a condition where there is an unusually high number of red blood cells in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Leukopenia

Question 2

The term 'edema' primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

Swelling caused by excess fluid in tissues

Answer

Degeneration of cells

Answer

Abnormal growth of tissue

Answer

Inflammation of a joint

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a benign tumor?

Accepted Answer

Adenoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 4

What does the term 'ischemia' describe?

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood supply to a tissue

Answer

Increased blood supply to a tissue

Answer

Blockage of a blood vessel

Answer

Inflammation of a blood vessel

Question 5

Which term most accurately describes a condition where cells undergo abnormal changes?

Accepted Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 6

The term 'necrosis' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Cell death due to injury or disease

Answer

Cell migration

Answer

Cell differentiation

Answer

Cell division

Question 7

Which of the following suffixes is used to indicate inflammation in medical terminology?

Accepted Answer

-itis

Answer

-osis

Answer

-algia

Answer

-oma

Question 8

The term 'ulcer' describes:

Accepted Answer

Open sore on a body surface

Answer

Collection of pus

Answer

Abnormal growth of tissue

Answer

Raised bump on the skin

Question 9

An example of epithelial tissue is:

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer

Muscle tissue

Answer

Connective tissue

Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 10

What does the term 'metastasis' refer to in the context of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Spread of cancer from one part of the body to another

Answer

Shrinking of a tumor

Answer

Formation of a new tumor

Question 11

In anatomical terminology, which direction is towards the front of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer

Superior

Answer

Medial

Answer

Posterior

Question 12

Which term describes a localized swelling or enlargement?

Accepted Answer

Tumefaction

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Ulceration

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 13

What suffix is commonly used to indicate the surgical removal of a tissue or organ?

Accepted Answer

-ectomy

Answer

-oma

Answer

-tomy

Answer

-itis

Question 14

Which term refers to a decrease in the number or size of cells?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 15

What prefix signifies 'many' or 'excessive'?

Accepted Answer

Poly-

Answer

Oligo-

Answer

Necro-

Answer

Eu-

Question 16

Which term describes a fluid-filled sac or cavity within tissues?

Accepted Answer

Cyst

Answer

Ulcer

Answer

Papule

Answer

Polyp

Question 17

What suffix is generally used to indicate an inflammatory condition?

Accepted Answer

-itis

Answer

-phobia

Answer

-algia

Answer

-oma

Question 18

Which term refers to the abnormal formation or presence of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Neoplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 19

What prefix means 'under' or 'below'?

Accepted Answer

Hypo-

Answer

Hyper-

Answer

Epi-

Answer

Intra-

Question 20

Which pigment is commonly associated with aging and accumulates in tissues as a reddish-brown substance?

Accepted Answer

Lipofuscin

Answer

Hemosiderin

Answer

Melanin

Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 21

Which medical term describes a reduction in the size of cells?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Hypertrophy

Question 22

What does the term "ischemia" primarily indicate?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient blood supply to a tissue or organ

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Excessive cell division

Answer

Tissue degeneration

Question 23

Which term accurately describes the replacement of one type of cell by another?

Accepted Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 24

Which term refers to the abnormal enlargement of cells?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Question 25

Which term describes a localized collection of macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Granuloma

Answer

Chronic inflammatory response

Answer

Acute inflammatory response

Question 26

Which term refers to the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue?

Accepted Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 27

What is the term for the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries?

Accepted Answer

Arteriosclerosis

Answer

Thrombosis

Answer

Atherosclerosis

Question 28

Which term refers to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel?

Accepted Answer

Thrombus

Answer

Varicose vein

Answer

Embolus

Answer

Aneurysm

Question 29

What is the medical term for a malignant tumor that originates from epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Leukemia

Question 30

Which of the following terms indicates an abnormal enlargement or increase in the size of an organ or tissue?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Necrosis (cell death)

Answer

Hypotrophy (abnormal decrease in size)

Answer

Atrophy (decrease in size due to loss of cells)

Question 31

The term 'ischemia' describes a condition characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood flow to a tissue, resulting in oxygen deprivation

Answer

Inflammation of a tissue (with increased blood flow)

Answer

Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage)

Question 32

Which term accurately describes a non-cancerous tumor characterized by excessive proliferation of glandular tissue?

Accepted Answer

Adenoma

Answer

Melanoma (a type of skin cancer)

Answer

Carcinoma (a type of cancer that originates in epithelial tissue)

Answer

Sarcoma (a type of cancer that originates in connective tissue)

Question 33

The term 'metaplasia' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A change in the type of cells within a tissue

Answer

Inflammation of a tissue

Answer

Abnormal growth of cells (neoplasia)

Answer

Spread of cancer cells to distant sites (metastasis)

Question 34

Which of the following terms refers to the process of programmed cell death?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Degeneration (gradual deterioration of cells)

Answer

Necrosis (cell death due to injury or disease)

Answer

Autolysis (cell death due to self-digestion)

Question 35

The term 'edema' describes:

Accepted Answer

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues and/or body cavities

Answer

Hemorrhage (bleeding)

Answer

Degeneration of cells

Answer

Inflammation of a tissue

Question 36

Which of the following terms describes a non-cancerous swelling or mass composed primarily of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibroma

Answer

Lipoma (a tumor composed of fat tissue)

Answer

Osteoma (a tumor composed of bone tissue)

Answer

Myoma (a tumor composed of muscle tissue)

Question 37

The term 'ulcer' refers to a:

Accepted Answer

Break in the skin or mucous membrane, typically with loss of tissue

Answer

Degeneration

Answer

Tumor

Answer

Inflammation

Question 38

Which term accurately describes a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Steatosis

Answer

Cirrhosis (a chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and fibrosis)

Answer

Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)

Answer

Fibrosis (formation of excess fibrous tissue)

Question 39

The term 'pneumonia' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the lung tissue

Answer

Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis)

Answer

Inflammation of the heart (carditis)

Answer

Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)

Question 40

Which term describes a condition that is present from birth?

Accepted Answer

Congenital

Answer

Iatrogenic

Answer

Acquired

Answer

Idiopathic

Question 41

A patient's symptoms appear suddenly and progress rapidly. Which term best describes this?

Accepted Answer

Acute

Answer

Subacute

Answer

Chronic

Answer

Recurrent

Question 42

Which term refers to the underlying cause of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Etiology

Answer

Prognosis

Answer

Diagnosis

Answer

Pathogenesis

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a symptom?

Accepted Answer

A patient reports feeling dizzy

Answer

A rash on the skin

Answer

Increased body temperature

Question 44

Which term describes the changes and processes involved in the development of a disease from its early stages to its full manifestation?

Accepted Answer

Pathogenesis

Answer

Diagnosis

Answer

Prognosis

Answer

Etiology

Question 45

The study of disease patterns and their distribution within populations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology

Answer

Histology

Answer

Biostatistics

Answer

Pathophysiology

Question 46

Which term refers to the alterations in the structure of tissues or organs caused by disease?

Accepted Answer

Lesion

Answer

Sign

Answer

Etiology

Answer

Symptom

Question 47

The term used to describe an abnormal mass of cells is:

Accepted Answer

Neoplasm

Answer

Degeneration

Answer

Infection

Answer

Inflammation

Question 48

Which term refers to the predicted outcome and course of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Prognosis

Answer

Treatment

Answer

Etiology

Answer

Diagnosis

Question 49

Which term describes the study of the changes in the functioning of tissues and organs caused by disease?

Accepted Answer

Pathophysiology

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Histology

Answer

Pathology

Question 50

A patient presents with a sudden onset of severe chest pain. The doctor suspects a heart attack, which is also known as:

Accepted Answer

Myocardial Infarction

Answer

Pericarditis

Answer

Angina Pectoris

Answer

Cardiomyopathy

Question 51

The term 'hyperplasia' refers to:

Accepted Answer

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Answer

A decrease in the size of cells in a tissue or organ

Answer

An abnormal change in the structure of cells

Question 52

A biopsy is a procedure used to:

Accepted Answer

Obtain a sample of tissue for microscopic examination

Answer

Monitor blood flow in a specific organ

Answer

Remove a tumor surgically

Question 53

The suffix '-itis' typically indicates:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Degeneration

Answer

Infection

Answer

Cancer

Question 54

A patient presents with a high fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. The doctor suspects:

Accepted Answer

Pharyngitis

Answer

Gastritis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Bronchitis

Question 55

The term 'neoplasm' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A new growth of tissue, often abnormal

Answer

A wound healing process

Answer

A genetic mutation

Answer

An inflammatory response in the body

Question 56

A pathologist uses a microscope to examine:

Accepted Answer

Tissue samples

Answer

Urine samples

Answer

Blood samples

Answer

Feces samples

Question 57

The term 'autopsy' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A post-mortem examination to determine the cause of death

Answer

A surgical procedure to remove a tumor

Answer

A test to measure blood sugar levels

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a type of necrosis (tissue death)?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Coagulative necrosis

Answer

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer

Caseous necrosis

Question 59

The term 'metastasis' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

Answer

The growth of a tumor in size

Answer

The development of a tumor in a specific organ