Pediatric Emergencies: Comprehensive Learning Quizzes for Nursing Professionals

Question 1

When providing emergency care to children, which ethical principle should nurses prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Acting in the child's best interests

Answer

Respecting the child's independence

Answer

Getting permission from the child's parents

Question 2

A 2-year-old child presents with a fever of 105.2°F, generalized weakness, and a rash. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Roseola infantum

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Meningitis

Question 3

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the emergency room with a high-pitched cry, difficulty breathing, and retractions. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention?

Accepted Answer

Administer oxygen via nasal cannula

Answer

Perform chest physiotherapy

Answer

Give oral antibiotics

Answer

Insert an intravenous line

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential complication of intussusception?

Accepted Answer

Bowel perforation

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Brain damage

Question 5

A 3-year-old child is found unresponsive and not breathing after being submerged in a pool. Which of the following should be the first step in management?

Accepted Answer

Start CPR and call for emergency medical services

Answer

Administer naloxone

Answer

Give fluids intravenously

Answer

Check for a pulse

Question 6

Which of the following is a key assessment finding in a child with anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Generalized urticaria and angioedema

Answer

Cough and wheezing

Answer

Vomiting and diarrhea

Answer

Fever and chills

Question 7

A 5-year-old child presents with a deep laceration on their hand. Which of the following is the most appropriate wound care management?

Accepted Answer

Clean the wound, apply pressure to stop bleeding, and bandage the wound

Answer

Apply antibiotic cream and a dressing

Answer

Close the wound with sutures

Question 8

A 7-year-old child is brought to the emergency room with a seizure. Which of the following is the most important nursing intervention during the seizure?

Accepted Answer

Protect the child from injury and observe the seizure activity

Answer

Insert an airway

Answer

Give anticonvulsant medication

Question 9

Which of the following is a sign of impending respiratory failure in a child?

Accepted Answer

Increasing respiratory rate and effort, and declining oxygen saturation

Answer

Vomiting and diarrhea

Answer

Bradycardia and hypotension

Question 10

A 10-year-old child presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Intussusception

Question 11

What is a pediatric emergency and why is it crucial for nurses to understand?

Accepted Answer

A life-threatening or potentially life-threatening condition specifically affecting children.

Answer

Trauma-related injuries exclusively sustained by children.

Answer

Respiratory distress management in children only.

Answer

Pediatric emergencies are not significant in nursing due to their rarity.

Question 12

Which educational approach has proven most effective in improving parents' understanding and management of pediatric emergencies?

Accepted Answer

Interactive workshops led by healthcare professionals

Answer

Passive distribution of educational materials (e.g., brochures, pamphlets)

Answer

Online videos without expert guidance

Answer

Informal conversations with healthcare providers during clinic visits

Question 13

What is the first and most crucial step in assessing a pediatric patient in an emergency situation?

Accepted Answer

Establish and maintain a patent airway

Answer

Administer supplemental oxygen

Answer

Obtain a thorough medical history

Answer

Perform a comprehensive physical examination

Question 14

Which of the following is a clinical indicator of impending respiratory failure in a child?

Accepted Answer

Nasal flaring

Answer

Normal respiratory rate

Answer

Satisfactory oxygen saturation levels

Answer

Clear lung sounds on auscultation

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common cause of seizures in children under the age of 2?

Accepted Answer

Febrile seizures

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Epilepsy

Question 16

For a child experiencing an allergic reaction, what is the immediate nursing intervention of highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Administer epinephrine

Answer

Reassure the child and their parents

Answer

Monitor the child's vital signs closely

Answer

Position the child upright in a sitting position

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential life-threatening complication of a head injury in children?

Accepted Answer

Increased intracranial pressure

Answer

Disorientation

Answer

Facial swelling

Answer

Nausea

Question 18

When caring for a child with a suspected spinal cord injury, what action should be the nurse's utmost priority?

Accepted Answer

Maintain spinal alignment

Answer

Administer pain medication

Answer

Monitor the child's neurological status

Question 19

The characteristic inspiratory sound often associated with croup is called:

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory stridor

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Coughing

Answer

Grunting

Question 20

In a child experiencing an anaphylactic reaction, the initial medication of choice is:

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Salbutamol inhaler

Answer

Bronchodilator

Answer

Antihistamines

Question 21

Which of the following findings is highly suggestive of non-accidental injury (NAI)?

Accepted Answer

Multiple bruises in varying stages of healing

Answer

Abrasion from a slide

Answer

Superficial laceration

Answer

Broken bone from a fall

Question 22

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) primarily assesses a child's:

Accepted Answer

Level of consciousness

Answer

Motor function

Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Pain level

Question 23

In a child suspected of having a spinal cord injury, the most critical intervention is to:

Accepted Answer

Immobilize the spine

Answer

Apply a cervical collar

Answer

Administer pain medication

Answer

Elevate the head

Question 24

Which physical finding is indicative of possible hypovolemic shock in a child?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged capillary refill time

Answer

Normal blood pressure

Answer

Rapid heart rate

Answer

Flushed skin

Question 25

The ultimate goal of performing CPR on a child is to:

Accepted Answer

Ensure adequate oxygenated blood supply to the brain and heart

Answer

Prevent aspiration

Answer

Remove foreign bodies from the airway

Question 26

A significant complication that can arise from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is:

Accepted Answer

Cerebral edema

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic sign of respiratory distress in children?

Accepted Answer

Nasal flaring and retractions

Answer

Bradypnea

Answer

Grunting and wheezing

Answer

Cyanosis only

Question 28

What should be the first step in managing a toddler experiencing a febrile seizure?

Accepted Answer

Stay calm, protect the child from injury, and time the seizure

Answer

Call emergency services immediately

Answer

Administer antipyretics to reduce fever

Answer

Restrain the child to prevent movement

Question 29

Which type of fluid should be used for initial resuscitation of a severely dehydrated child?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic crystalloid solution

Answer

Colloid solution

Answer

Hypotonic solution

Answer

Hypertonic solution

Question 30

In infants with bronchiolitis, which of the following measures is considered the cornerstone of initial management?

Accepted Answer

Nasal saline irrigation and gentle suctioning

Answer

Early use of aerosolized steroids

Answer

Immediate administration of inhaled bronchodilators

Answer

Routine prescription of antibiotics

Question 31

Which of the following is a clear indication for surgical intervention in a child with suspected appendicitis?

Accepted Answer

Evidence of bowel perforation

Answer

Persistent nausea and vomiting

Answer

Elevated body temperature

Answer

Mild abdominal pain

Question 32

For a child experiencing a simple febrile seizure, which of the following is the recommended treatment approach?

Accepted Answer

Observation and reassurance without administering anticonvulsant medications

Answer

Rectal administration of diazepam to stop the seizure

Answer

Immediate administration of anticonvulsants to prevent further seizures

Answer

Administration of ibuprofen to reduce fever and prevent recurrence

Question 33

Which condition is characterized by sudden-onset respiratory distress, wheezing, and difficulty breathing?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Bronchitis

Question 34

What is the primary goal of oxygen therapy in pediatric emergencies?

Accepted Answer

To increase oxygen delivery to vital organs

Answer

To relieve pain

Answer

To prevent infection

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Question 35

What is the first step in managing a child who has suffered a head injury?

Accepted Answer

Assess airway and breathing

Answer

Apply a cervical collar

Answer

Immobilize the child

Answer

Perform a neurological exam

Question 36

What is the most common cause of dehydration in children?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea)

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Fever

Question 37

Which assessment finding indicates a child is in hypovolemic shock?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia and weak pulses

Answer

Lethargy and confusion

Answer

Bradypnea and hypotension

Answer

Hyperthermia and diaphoresis

Question 38

What is the purpose of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) in a child with respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

To establish an airway without further compromising the spinal cord

Answer

To suction secretions

Answer

To administer oxygen

Question 39

Which assessment finding indicates a potential cardiac emergency in a child?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain and shortness of breath

Answer

Fever and cough

Answer

Vomiting and diarrhea

Answer

Rash and pruritus

Question 40

A 2-year-old child presents with a high fever, excessive drooling, difficulty swallowing, and a hoarse voice. The child also exhibits a noisy, high-pitched sound during inhalation (inspiratory stridor). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Croup

Question 41

A 6-month-old infant presents with forceful vomiting (projectile vomiting) shortly after feeding. The infant is also irritable and has a swollen belly (distended abdomen). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric Stenosis

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 42

A 10-year-old child suddenly develops severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. The child recently had a viral illness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Intussusception

Answer

Gastroenteritis

Answer

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Answer

Appendicitis

Question 43

A 4-year-old child has a fever, headache, stiff neck, and is sensitive to light (photophobia). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Otitis Media

Answer

Encephalitis

Answer

Sinusitis

Question 44

A 12-year-old child is found unconscious in a swimming pool. What is the most appropriate first action?

Accepted Answer

Call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately.

Answer

Check for a pulse

Answer

Start CPR

Answer

Remove the child from the water

Question 45

What is the most suitable method for administering medication to a 6-month-old infant?

Accepted Answer

Oral syringe

Answer

Spoon

Answer

Pill crusher

Answer

Dropper

Question 46

A 3-year-old child has ingested a bottle of iron supplements. What is the most appropriate immediate action?

Accepted Answer

Call the poison control center immediately.

Answer

Give the child milk

Answer

Administer activated charcoal

Answer

Induce vomiting

Question 47

A 5-year-old child with asthma is experiencing wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Which medication is most likely to be prescribed for immediate relief?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Theophylline

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Montelukast

Question 48

A 1-year-old child is having a seizure. What is the most appropriate action to take?

Accepted Answer

Protect the child from injury and observe the seizure.

Answer

Attempt to restrain the child

Answer

Place a spoon in the child's mouth

Question 49

A 7-year-old child with diabetes is experiencing confusion, a sweet-smelling breath (fruity breath), and rapid breathing. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Insulin shock

Question 50

Which of the following is a sign of hypovolemic shock in a child?

Accepted Answer

Altered mental status

Answer

Rapid pulse

Answer

Bounding pulses

Answer

Increased urine output

Question 51

What is the first step in managing a child with an airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Position the child upright and administer back blows

Answer

Perform chest compressions

Answer

Administer oxygen

Question 52

Which of the following is a symptom of anaphylaxis in a child?

Accepted Answer

Itching and swelling

Answer

Fever and chills

Answer

Abdominal pain and vomiting

Answer

Cough and wheezing

Question 53

What is the recommended fluid volume for a child with moderate dehydration (5-7%)?

Accepted Answer

100-200 mL/kg over 4-8 hours

Answer

300-500 mL/kg over 6-12 hours

Answer

200-300 mL/kg over 2-4 hours

Answer

50-100 mL/kg over 1-2 hours

Question 54

Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a child with a traumatic head injury?

Accepted Answer

Maintain airway and cervical spine immobilization

Answer

Elevate the head of the bed

Answer

Administer pain medication

Answer

Encourage oral intake

Question 55

What is the most common cause of croup in children?

Accepted Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 56

Which of the following is a risk factor for intussusception in children?

Accepted Answer

Age less than 2 years

Answer

Female gender

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

History of gastrointestinal surgery

Question 57

What is the recommended treatment for a child with a simple febrile seizure?

Accepted Answer

No treatment is necessary

Answer

Anticonvulsant medication

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Rectal diazepam

Question 58

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a child with a urinary tract infection?

Accepted Answer

Eradicate the infection and prevent sequelae

Answer

Relieve pain and discomfort

Answer

Maintain fluid balance