Nail Anatomy and Physiology: Master the Basics of Nail Care

Question 1

Which cell type is not involved in the formation of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Answer

Keratinocyte

Answer

Melanocyte

Answer

Fibroblast

Question 2

Which layer forms the bulk of the nail's thickness?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Question 3

The primary component of the nail plate is:

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Glycogen

Question 4

The function of the nail bed is to:

Accepted Answer

Anchor the nail plate

Answer

Produce new nail cells

Answer

Protect the nail from damage

Answer

Provide sensation to the nail

Question 5

The layer of the nail responsible for producing nail cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Question 6

The cuticle functions to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the nail from bacteria

Answer

Attach the nail to the skin

Answer

Produce nail cells

Answer

Provide moisture to the nail

Question 7

The proper method for removing nail polish is to:

Accepted Answer

Use a nail polish remover

Answer

Peel it off

Answer

Scrape it off

Answer

Braid it with dental floss

Question 8

Which components contribute to the strength and flexibility of the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Keratin, lipids, and water

Answer

Collagen, elastin, and keratin

Answer

Calcium, keratin, and lipids

Answer

Water, lipids, and collagen

Question 9

Which of the following is the main function of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Producing the nail plate

Answer

Nourishing the nail bed

Answer

Protecting the nail from damage

Question 10

Which nail condition is characterized by yellowing and crumbling nails, often caused by a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Eczema

Question 11

Which layer of the nail is responsible for producing new nail cells and growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail bed

Question 12

What is the primary function of the cuticle?

Accepted Answer

To protect the proximal nail fold from infection and damage

Answer

To produce new nail cells

Answer

To provide nutrients to the nail

Question 13

Which type of nail cell is primarily responsible for the strength and hardness of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Onychocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 14

What is the name of the network of tiny blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the nail?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed capillaries

Answer

Lunula veins

Answer

Hyponychium vessels

Answer

Nail matrix arteries

Question 15

What is the purpose of the lunula, a crescent-shaped part of the nail?

Accepted Answer

To indicate the visible portion of the nail matrix

Answer

To promote nail growth directly

Answer

To prevent dehydration of the nail

Answer

To protect the nail from damage

Question 16

Which layer of the nail is composed of tightly packed, keratinized cells and provides protection?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Question 17

Onychomycosis is a nail disorder characterized by what typical symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Yellow, thickened, and crumbling nails

Answer

Redness and swelling around the nail

Answer

White spots on the nail

Answer

Brittle and splitting nails

Question 18

Which of the following is a crucial function of nails for humans?

Accepted Answer

Protection of the fingertip from external elements

Answer

Excretion of waste products

Answer

Enhancement of sensory perception

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 19

What is the name of the fold of skin that surrounds and protects the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Proximal nail fold

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Lateral nail fold

Question 20

Which layer of the nail plate is primarily responsible for its strength and hardness?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized layer

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 21

Where is the nail's growth zone located?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Proximal nail fold

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Question 22

Which type of nail cell produces the protein that forms the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Onychoblasts

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Osteocytes

Question 23

What is a primary function of the cuticle?

Accepted Answer

Protects the nail matrix from bacteria and dirt

Answer

Provides nutrients to the nail matrix

Answer

Lubricates the nail plate

Question 24

Which vitamin is essential for healthy nail growth and strength?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 25

Which structure surrounds the nail on two sides and helps protect it from trauma?

Accepted Answer

Lateral nail folds

Answer

Proximal nail fold

Answer

Distal nail fold

Answer

Eponychium

Question 26

Which blood vessel provides oxygen and nutrients to the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Artery of the nail bed

Answer

Superficial volar arch

Answer

Radial artery

Answer

Dorsal metacarpal artery

Question 27

What is the primary function of the nail bed?

Accepted Answer

Provides support and nourishment to the nail plate

Answer

Regulates nail growth

Answer

Produces keratin

Answer

Protects the nail matrix from trauma

Question 28

Which part of the nail unit extends beyond the fingertip?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Proximal nail fold

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 29

What is the main purpose of the lunula?

Accepted Answer

Indicates nail growth

Answer

Lubricates the cuticle

Answer

Provides structural support

Answer

Prevents nail breakage

Question 30

Which layer of the nail is responsible for producing new nail cells and thus driving nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Question 31

What is the main function of the lunula?

Accepted Answer

Visible indication of nail matrix activity

Answer

Anchoring the nail to the finger

Answer

Preventing infection

Answer

Protecting the nail bed from damage

Question 32

What is the primary role of the nail bed in relation to nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Provides nutrients and support to the nail matrix

Answer

Anchors the nail to the finger

Answer

Regulates nail shape

Answer

Prevents bacterial invasion

Question 33

Which of the following is a genetic factor that can influence nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Nutrition

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Hormonal changes

Question 34

Which of the following is a common nail disorder caused by a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Nail psoriasis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Alopecia

Question 35

What is the space between the nail bed and the underside of the nail called?

Accepted Answer

Subungual space

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Question 36

Which layer of the nail is composed of tightly packed, keratinized cells?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 37

What is the process by which new nail cells are produced?

Accepted Answer

Keratinization

Answer

Mineralization

Answer

Pigmentation

Answer

Exfoliation

Question 38

Which component of the nail is composed of rapidly dividing cells that contribute to nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 39

What is the primary role of the cuticle in nail maintenance?

Accepted Answer

Protects the nail matrix from external damage and infection

Answer

Controls nail growth

Answer

Nourishes the nail

Answer

Anchors the nail to the nail bed

Question 40

Which cell type is responsible for producing keratin, the main structural protein in nails?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 41

What is the term used to describe the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 42

What is the term for the network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the nail?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed capillaries

Answer

Matrix vessels

Answer

Cuticle capillaries

Answer

Hyponychium vessels

Question 43

What condition can result from inadequate hydration and can make nails brittle and prone to breakage?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Vitamin deficiency

Answer

Overexposure to sunlight

Answer

Excessive use of nail polish

Question 44

What part of the nail structure represents the actively growing portion?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Proximal nail fold

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail bed

Question 45

Which layer of the nail contains blood vessels that give nails their natural coloration?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 46

What layer of the nail is responsible for providing nourishment and support, containing blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Nail plate

Question 47

Which protein is the primary component of the nail plate, contributing to its strength and rigidity?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Answer

Myosin

Question 48

What is the primary function of the cuticle in maintaining nail health?

Accepted Answer

Protects the nail matrix from bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer

Regulates nail growth

Answer

Nourishes the nail plate

Answer

Provides structural support to the nail

Question 49

Which nutrient is essential for the body to produce healthy nails, promoting strength and growth?

Accepted Answer

Biotin

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Iron

Question 50

What is the medical term for a condition where the nail becomes thickened, discolored, and crumbly, often caused by fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Pterygium

Answer

Subungual hematoma

Answer

Paronychia

Question 51

Which nail care technique involves removing the cuticle to enhance the appearance of the nails?

Accepted Answer

Manicure

Answer

Pedicure

Answer

Waxing

Answer

Shellac

Question 52

What is the main purpose of using a base coat before applying nail polish?

Accepted Answer

Protects the natural nail from discoloration and staining

Answer

Adds shine and luster to the nail polish

Answer

Smooths out imperfections on the nail surface

Answer

Extends the longevity of the nail polish

Question 53

Which tool is specifically designed to shape and smooth the edges of the nail, preventing sharp or rough corners?

Accepted Answer

Nail file

Answer

Cuticle pusher

Answer

Buffer

Answer

Nail clippers