Nail Anatomy and Physiology: Master the Basics of Nail Structure and Function

Question 1

Which layer of the nail is solely responsible for producing the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Question 2

Identify the primary function of the eponychium:

Accepted Answer

Protects the nail matrix from external factors

Answer

Nourishes the nail bed

Answer

Anchors the nail to the fingertip

Answer

Promotes nail growth

Question 3

Which type of nail plate is typically thin, flexible, and prone to breakage?

Accepted Answer

Onychorrhexis

Answer

Normal nail

Answer

Onycholysis

Answer

Onychocryptosis

Question 4

Select the characteristic that is NOT indicative of a healthy nail:

Accepted Answer

Presence of pronounced ridges or depressions

Answer

Clear and smooth nail plate

Answer

Absence of discoloration

Answer

Uniform thickness

Question 5

What is the term for the pale, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Eponychium

Question 6

Which of the following is a common nail disorder characterized by inflammation and the formation of pus?

Accepted Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Pterygium

Answer

Onychogryphosis

Question 7

Which part of the nail unit produces the cells that make up the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Question 8

What is the hard, protective layer that forms the visible part of the nail called?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Question 9

What is the soft tissue that supports and protects the nail plate called?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Matrix

Question 10

Which layer of the nail is composed of tightly packed, keratinized cells?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Dorsal nail

Answer

Ventral nail

Answer

Nail matrix

Question 11

What is the term for the pale, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 12

Which of the following is a common nail disorder characterized by inflammation and infection of the nail fold?

Accepted Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Onycholysis

Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Psoriasis

Question 13

What is the primary function of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Producing keratinized cells

Answer

Protecting the nail bed

Answer

Nourishing the nail plate

Answer

Preventing bacteria from entering the nail

Question 14

What is the correct technical term for the cuticle?

Accepted Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Pterygium

Answer

Matrix

Question 15

Which layer of the nail is responsible for nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Question 16

Which nail condition is characterized by a yellowing and thickening of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Paronychia

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Melanonychia

Question 17

When applying gel polish, what is the ideal number of thin layers to apply?

Accepted Answer

Multiple

Answer

One

Answer

Two

Answer

Three

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of using a nail primer before applying polish?

Accepted Answer

To enhance polish adhesion

Answer

To remove oils from the nail surface

Answer

To strengthen the nail

Answer

To prevent chipping and peeling

Question 19

Which type of cuticle pusher is recommended for gentle and effective cuticle care?

Accepted Answer

Rubber

Answer

Metal

Answer

Plastic

Answer

Wooden

Question 20

What is the recommended frequency for nail maintenance appointments to maintain optimal nail health and appearance?

Accepted Answer

Every 4 weeks

Answer

Every 2 weeks

Answer

Every 6 weeks

Answer

Every 8 weeks

Question 21

How does the structure and function of the nail unit impact the selection of nail care techniques and products?

Accepted Answer

The thickness of the nail plate determines the type of nail file to use.

Accepted Answer

The health of the nail matrix affects the choice of nail polish formula.

Accepted Answer

The curvature of the nail bed influences the shape of the nail tip.

Answer

The anatomy and physiology of the nail unit do not influence the selection of nail care techniques and products.

Question 22

To prevent infections during nail art, which step is most important?

Accepted Answer

Sterilizing reusable tools before use

Answer

Soaking nails in acetone before nail art

Answer

Using disposable files for each client

Answer

Applying anti-fungal cream around the nail before starting

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of preparing nails properly before applying nail polish?

Accepted Answer

Faster nail growth

Answer

Improved nail polish adhesion

Answer

Prevention of nail damage

Answer

Reduced risk of nail infections

Question 24

Which nail unit layer fosters nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Eponychium

Question 25

What cells compose the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 26

Identify the white, crescent-shaped area at the nail's base.

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Free edge

Question 27

What condition features abnormally thick and discolored nails?

Accepted Answer

Onychauxis

Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Paronychia

Question 28

What is the most crucial factor in selecting nail art designs?

Accepted Answer

Personal preference

Answer

Nail length

Answer

Skill level

Answer

Occasion

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Answer

Dorsal

Answer

Ventral

Answer

Lateral

Question 30

What is the name of the highly vascularized area responsible for nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hangnail

Question 31

What is the term for the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Question 32

What is the name of the tough, fibrous layer that anchors the nail to the finger or toe?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Question 33

Which of the following is a technique used to shape the free edge of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Filing

Answer

Buffing

Answer

Clipping

Answer

Polishing

Question 34

What is the purpose of an eponychium pusher?

Accepted Answer

To push back the cuticle

Answer

To remove dead skin from the cuticle area

Answer

To clean under the nail

Answer

To shape the nail plate

Question 35

Which layer of the nail is responsible for producing the keratin that forms the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 36

Which layer of the nail is responsible for providing nutrients to the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 37

What is the name of the small, white half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 38

What is the term for the visible, hard part of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Eponychium

Question 39

Which layer of the nail is responsible for nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Cuticle

Question 40

Which part of the nail is responsible for producing new nail cells?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Nail bed

Question 41

What provides nourishment to the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Lunula

Question 42

What is the name of the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Question 43

Which part of the nail unit protects the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Question 44

What is the primary purpose of a nail buffer?

Accepted Answer

To smooth and shine the nail surface

Answer

To shape the nail

Answer

To protect the nail from damage

Answer

To remove nail polish

Question 45

Which part of the nail is the thickest and most visible?

Accepted Answer

Nail plate

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 46

What is the main function of the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Nail growth

Answer

Protecting the nail from damage

Answer

Anchoring the nail to the finger

Answer

Providing blood supply to the nail

Question 47

What is the thin, white area located at the base of the nail?

Accepted Answer

Lunula

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Eponychium

Answer

Hyponychium

Question 48

Which nail layer is made up of living cells?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Nail plate

Question 49

Which type of cells are responsible for nail growth?

Accepted Answer

Onychocytes

Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 50

What is the scientific term for the study of nails?

Accepted Answer

Onychomycology

Answer

Podiatry

Answer

Manicuring

Answer

Dermatology