Nervous System Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Question 1

Which of the following is a characterizing symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremors at rest

Answer

Chronic headaches

Answer

Blurry vision

Answer

Persistent nausea

Question 2

What is the primary pathological mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain

Answer

Deficient production of dopamine

Answer

Autoimmune dysfunction targeting brain tissue

Answer

Nutritional deficiencies leading to neuronal damage

Question 3

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the degeneration of motor neurons leads to a deficiency in which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 4

Which brain imaging technique is primarily used to diagnose epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Question 5

For acute head injuries, what is the initial recommended course of action?

Accepted Answer

Observation and rest

Answer

Immediate surgical intervention

Answer

Administration of pain medication

Answer

Intensive physical therapy

Question 6

The primary symptom of Bell's palsy is:

Accepted Answer

Sudden onset of facial muscle weakness

Answer

Progressive loss of hearing in one ear

Answer

Blurred or double vision

Answer

Numbness and tingling in the hands

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary muscle contractions

Answer

Difficulty swallowing

Answer

Loss of balance

Answer

Memory impairment

Question 8

What is the primary pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal accumulation of proteins in the brain

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Autoimmune disorder

Question 9

Which of the following medications is primarily used to treat the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Interferon beta

Answer

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer

Antiseizure medications

Answer

Opioid pain relievers

Question 10

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To selectively regulate the exchange of substances between the blood and brain

Answer

To protect the brain from toxins

Answer

To produce cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

To transmit nerve signals

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

What is the term used to describe a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory?

Accepted Answer

Dementia

Answer

Amnesia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Aphasia

Question 13

What is the name of the outermost protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Subarachnoid membrane

Question 14

When making treatment decisions for patients with neurodegenerative diseases, which ethical principle should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

Involving the patient in decision-making and respecting their end-of-life choices

Answer

Aggressive treatment to extend life, regardless of patient preferences

Answer

Considering cost-effectiveness to allocate healthcare resources efficiently

Question 15

Which of the following is **NOT** a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Improved cognitive function

Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Difficulty with language and comprehension

Answer

Hallucinations

Question 16

Which of the following tests is **primarily** used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

MRI

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Physical examination alone

Question 17

What is the term for a stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 18

What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

Memory formation and retrieval

Answer

Sensory processing

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Language comprehension

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitters is **primarily** involved in mood regulation and depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 20

What is the primary difference between a neuron and a neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Neurons transmit electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and protection.

Answer

Neuroglia transmit electrical signals, while neurons provide support and protection.

Answer

Neurons are located in the brain, while neuroglia are located in the spinal cord.

Answer

There is no difference between neurons and neuroglia.

Question 21

Which of the following is **NOT** a risk factor for developing a brain tumor?

Accepted Answer

Healthy lifestyle

Answer

Age

Answer

Exposure to radiation

Answer

Family history

Question 22

The prognosis for a patient with a spinal cord injury typically:

Accepted Answer

Depends on the severity of the injury

Answer

Is always fatal

Answer

Is always curable

Answer

Results in complete recovery

Question 23

What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

Processing sensory information and controlling voluntary movement

Answer

Regulating body temperature and breathing

Answer

Producing hormones and regulating metabolism

Answer

Maintaining balance and equilibrium

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 25

What is the most common symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Progressive memory loss

Answer

Tremors and rigidity

Answer

Seizures and hallucinations

Answer

Difficulty swallowing and speaking

Question 26

What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting sensory information to the brain and motor commands from the brain

Answer

Regulating body temperature and blood pressure

Answer

Producing hormones and releasing neurotransmitters

Answer

Controlling voluntary and involuntary movements

Question 27

Which type of nervous system disorder is characterized by tremors, rigidity, and slow movement?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 28

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for "fight or flight" responses

Answer

Slowing heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Promoting digestion and relaxation

Answer

Regulating body temperature and sleep-wake cycles

Question 29

What is the purpose of a nerve conduction study?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the electrical activity of nerves to diagnose nerve damage

Answer

Assessing muscle strength and range of motion

Answer

Diagnosing brain disorders such as epilepsy

Answer

Testing spinal cord reflexes and nerve root compression

Question 30

Which of the following neurological disorders is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 31

The initial treatment option for seizures in epilepsy is:

Accepted Answer

Anticonvulsants

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer

Deep brain stimulation

Question 32

The primary cause of Alzheimer's disease remains:

Accepted Answer

Unknown

Answer

Infectious agents

Answer

Neurotoxic substances

Answer

Trauma

Question 33

Which type of stroke results from blockage of blood flow to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 34

What is the initial symptom commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Motor impairments

Answer

Speech difficulties

Question 35

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for enabling muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 36

What is the surgical procedure used to remove a brain tumor?

Accepted Answer

Craniotomy

Answer

Laminectomy

Answer

Arthrodesis

Question 37

Which type of epilepsy is characterized by seizures involving only one side of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Focal seizure

Answer

Grand mal seizure

Answer

Absence seizure

Question 38

What is the primary benefit of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing nervous system disorders?

Accepted Answer

MRI provides superior visualization of soft tissues and abnormalities within the brain and spinal cord.

Answer

CT scans provide results more quickly than MRI.

Answer

MRI is a more cost-effective option than CT.

Answer

CT is more readily available than MRI.

Question 39

What is the primary pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain

Answer

Genetic mutations

Answer

Viral infection

Question 40

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Female gender

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Answer

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Question 41

What is the primary treatment approach for seizures in epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

Anticonvulsant medication

Answer

Dietary modifications

Answer

Dietary supplements

Answer

Surgery

Question 42

Which of the following is a classic symptom of a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Dizziness and nausea

Answer

Chronic headaches

Question 43

What is the primary function of the nucleus accumbens in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Reward and pleasure processing

Answer

Language comprehension

Answer

Memory formation

Answer

Motor coordination

Question 44

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 45

What is the term for the gradual decline in cognitive abilities, including memory and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Dementia

Answer

Apraxia

Answer

Aphasia

Answer

Amnesia

Question 46

What is the collective term for the three layers of membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 47

Which symptom is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Progressive memory loss

Answer

Redness and rashes on skin

Answer

Difficulty breathing

Answer

Severe muscle weakness

Question 48

What neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 49

Which type of seizure involves a brief loss of consciousness with minimal motor activity?

Accepted Answer

Absence seizure

Answer

Myoclonic seizure

Answer

Atonic seizure

Answer

Tonic-clonic seizure

Question 50

Which type of stroke occurs due to a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 51

Which nerve fiber type is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature signals?

Accepted Answer

C-fiber

Answer

A-beta fiber

Answer

D-fiber

Answer

B-fiber

Question 52

Which brain region is involved in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 53

What function does the myelin sheath serve in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Insulates and speeds up nerve impulses

Answer

Protects nerve fibers from damage

Answer

Transmits neurotransmitters

Question 54

Which type of neuron processes and integrates information within the brain?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Projection neuron

Question 55

What protective covering surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Vertebrae

Answer

Blood-brain barrier

Answer

Skull