Nursing Care for Common Health Conditions: Master Patient Care

Question 1

During the assessment of a patient with a suspected myocardial infarction, which intervention is the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Obtain a 12-lead ECG

Answer

Administer supplemental oxygen

Answer

Insert an intravenous line

Answer

Monitor the patient's heart rate and rhythm

Question 2

Which symptom is most commonly associated with a pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Chest pain with pleuritic characteristics

Answer

Hemoptysis

Answer

Wheezing

Question 3

When establishing nursing goals for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease, which aim is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Eliminate the patient's heartburn symptoms

Answer

Reduce the patient's abdominal pain

Answer

Prevent the patient from vomiting

Answer

Promote the patient's weight gain

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain or discomfort

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Fatigue

Question 5

What is the primary rationale for administering oxygen therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate hypoxemia and improve oxygenation

Answer

To reduce airway resistance and improve lung function

Answer

To prevent respiratory infections

Answer

To improve exercise tolerance and daily activities

Question 6

Which nursing intervention is a priority for managing pain in a patient with peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Accepted Answer

Administering antacids to neutralize stomach acid

Answer

Encouraging a high-fat diet to reduce gastric secretions

Answer

Restricting fluid intake to prevent vomiting

Answer

Promoting bed rest to decrease stomach motility

Question 7

Joint erosion is a common complication associated with which of the following chronic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Gout

Answer

Lupus

Question 8

What class of medications is considered the first-line treatment for persistent asthma?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Long-acting beta-agonists

Answer

Leukotriene modifiers

Answer

Short-acting beta-agonists

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of splinting in musculoskeletal injuries?

Accepted Answer

To immobilize and support the injured area

Answer

To reduce pain and inflammation

Answer

To prevent further injury

Answer

To promote healing

Question 10

Which of the following is a common symptom of heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Decreased urine output

Answer

Slow heart rate

Question 11

Which of the following is a common cause of degenerative joint disease?

Accepted Answer

Aging-related wear and tear

Answer

Obesity and excessive weight-bearing

Answer

Trauma and joint injuries

Answer

Infections and inflammatory conditions

Question 12

Which of the following common diseases is a chronic, non-communicable condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

COPD

Answer

UTI

Question 13

What are the key pathophysiological factors that contribute to the development of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Excessive gastric acid secretion and weakened mucosal defenses

Answer

Bacterial infection and impaired wound healing

Answer

Immune system dysfunction and genetic predisposition

Answer

Excessive mucosal secretion and decreased acid production

Question 14

Which symptom is most commonly reported by patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Persistent nausea

Answer

Frequent vomiting

Answer

Epigastric pain

Question 15

Which arrhythmia is characterized by a fast and erratic heart rate, often accompanied by a fluttering sensation in the chest and difficulty breathing?

Accepted Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Sinus tachycardia

Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom associated with heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)

Answer

Swelling (edema)

Answer

Chest pain

Question 17

During the initial assessment of an acute musculoskeletal injury, which parameter is crucial to evaluate?

Accepted Answer

Neurovascular status

Answer

Range of motion

Answer

Pain severity

Answer

Tenderness

Question 18

Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient experiencing acute pain?

Accepted Answer

Acute pain

Answer

Chronic pain

Answer

Impaired mobility

Answer

Risk for infection

Question 19

When caring for a patient with diabetes mellitus, which assessment is a top priority?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring blood glucose levels

Answer

Inspecting skin integrity

Answer

Assessing neurological status

Answer

Evaluating cardiovascular function

Question 20

Which type of dysrhythmia is defined by an irregular heart rate with no discernable pattern?

Accepted Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Asystole

Question 21

Which fracture type is characterized by a complete bone break with displacement?

Accepted Answer

Open fracture

Answer

Closed fracture

Answer

Greenstick fracture

Answer

Transverse fracture

Question 22

What fluid intake amount is recommended for healthy adults?

Accepted Answer

6-8 glasses per day

Answer

10-12 glasses per day

Answer

2-4 glasses per day

Answer

4-6 glasses per day

Question 23

When assessing a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI), which symptom should be considered primary?

Accepted Answer

Chest discomfort or pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Sudden loss of consciousness (syncope)

Question 24

For a patient diagnosed with acute bronchitis, what should be the primary nursing goal?

Accepted Answer

Promoting respiratory comfort to alleviate breathing difficulties

Answer

Preventing the spread of infection and minimizing complications

Answer

Relieving pain associated with coughing and chest discomfort

Answer

Ensuring adequate nutritional intake to support recovery

Question 25

Among the risk factors associated with osteoporosis, which one is considered the most significant?

Accepted Answer

Menopause, particularly in women

Answer

Smoking cigarettes and tobacco products

Answer

Maintaining an obese weight

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 26

When classifying spinal cord injuries, which type is most commonly encountered?

Accepted Answer

Paraplegia, affecting the lower extremities

Answer

Tetraplegia, affecting all four limbs

Answer

Brown-Séquard syndrome, resulting in weakness on one side and sensory loss on the other

Answer

Anterior cord syndrome, affecting motor function more severely than sensory function

Question 27

Which of the following medications is a first-line antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Warfarin

Question 28

A patient with asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation. Which of the following medications is most likely to be prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Prednisone

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Salmeterol

Question 29

Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with angina?

Accepted Answer

A squeezing, constricting pain that radiates to the left arm

Answer

A sharp, stabbing pain that radiates to the back

Answer

A dull, aching pain that lasts for hours

Answer

A burning, tingling pain that resolves quickly

Question 30

When assessing a wound for infection, which is the most crucial factor to consider?

Accepted Answer

Presence of drainage

Answer

Size of the wound

Answer

Color of the surrounding skin

Answer

Patient's pain level

Question 31

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient with a newly diagnosed case of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Deficient Knowledge

Answer

Ineffective Health Management

Answer

Risk for Powerlessness

Answer

Anxiety

Question 32

The primary nursing diagnosis for a patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis is:

Accepted Answer

Impaired physical mobility

Answer

Acute pain

Answer

Disturbed sleep pattern

Answer

Deficient knowledge

Question 33

The most common presenting symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) is:

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Nocturia

Answer

Polyuria

Question 34

Which laboratory value is typically most concerning in a patient with congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Elevated serum potassium

Answer

Elevated serum sodium

Answer

Decreased serum creatinine

Answer

Increased serum bilirubin

Question 35

What is the most common underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Stress

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Question 36

Which type of arthritis is characterized by joint swelling, pain, and stiffness that persists for more than six weeks?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Gout

Answer

Psoriatic arthritis

Question 37

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a patient who has experienced a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Restoring function and preventing complications

Answer

Maintaining airway patency

Answer

Preventing further neurological damage

Answer

Providing emotional support and education

Question 38

Which assessment finding is most indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Flank pain

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Nocturia

Question 39

Heartburn is a common clinical manifestation of which health condition?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Hematemesis

Answer

Constipation

Question 40

Joint stiffness, crepitus, and pain that worsens with activity are assessment findings consistent with which musculoskeletal disorder?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Gout

Answer

Fibromyalgia

Question 41

When assessing a patient's cardiac function, which diagnostic tool provides the most comprehensive evaluation?

Accepted Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Blood pressure measurement

Answer

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Answer

Auscultation of heart sounds

Question 42

In the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which intervention is of paramount importance?

Accepted Answer

Intubation and mechanical ventilation

Answer

Administration of antibiotics

Answer

Chest physiotherapy

Answer

Diuretic therapy

Question 43

Which symptom is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Constipation

Question 44

For a patient with osteoarthritis, which nursing intervention is most appropriate to promote optimal outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss and regular exercise

Answer

Application of heat to the affected joint

Answer

Administration of opioids

Answer

Immobilization of the affected joint

Question 45

In the planning phase of the nursing process, which principle is essential for ensuring effective care?

Accepted Answer

Establishing clear and achievable goals

Answer

Delegating tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel

Answer

Documenting interventions and patient outcomes

Answer

Evaluating the effectiveness of nursing care

Question 46

In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which of the following symptoms indicates hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Sweating

Answer

Increased urination

Answer

Excessive thirst

Answer

Unexplained weight loss

Question 47

For a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nursing diagnosis is relevant?

Accepted Answer

Impaired gas exchange

Answer

Inability to perform activities of daily living

Answer

Persistent pain

Answer

Lack of knowledge about the condition

Question 48

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing shortness of breath. Which of the following assessments would be the most important for the nurse to perform?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen saturation

Answer

Capillary refill time

Answer

Jugular venous distention

Answer

Radial pulse