Gas Exchange and Transport: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Nursing Students

Question 1

Which blood component is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Myoglobin

Answer

Albumin

Answer

Globulins

Question 2

Which respiratory condition is characterized by an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

Hypercapnia

Answer

Hypoxemia

Answer

Hypoventilation

Answer

Tachypnea

Question 3

In response to respiratory acidosis, which is the primary compensatory mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased minute ventilation

Answer

Decreased bicarbonate reabsorption

Answer

Increased hydrogen ion secretion

Answer

Increased anion gap

Question 4

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the rate of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Alveolar surface area

Answer

Thickness of the respiratory membrane

Answer

Ventilation-perfusion ratio

Question 5

What triggers the diaphragm to contract during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of the phrenic nerve

Answer

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles

Answer

Expansion of the rib cage

Answer

Increased intrapleural pressure

Question 6

Which mechanism does NOT regulate respiration?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure changes

Answer

Blood pH changes

Answer

Lung stretch receptors

Answer

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

Question 7

Where does the primary exchange of gases occur in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Trachea

Question 8

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

100 mm Hg

Answer

40 mm Hg

Answer

150 mm Hg

Answer

200 mm Hg

Question 9

What is hemoglobin's primary role in oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Binding with oxygen and transporting it to tissues

Answer

Facilitating oxygen diffusion across capillary walls

Answer

Regulating blood pH

Answer

Transporting carbon dioxide

Question 10

Which brain structure primarily regulates ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Pons

Question 11

Define the functional residual capacity (FRC).

Accepted Answer

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

Answer

The volume of air inhaled during a normal inspiration

Answer

The volume of air exhaled during a forced expiration

Answer

The volume of air that can be voluntarily inhaled and exhaled

Question 12

Which condition is a potential cause of a restrictive lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Bronchitis

Question 13

What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reducing surface tension and preventing alveolar collapse

Answer

Facilitating the diffusion of gases across capillary walls

Answer

Regulating airway resistance

Answer

Protecting the lungs from infection

Question 14

Identify the option that is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system:

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Answer

Temperature regulation

Question 15

What primarily determines the oxygen level in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Ventilation rate

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Body temperature

Question 16

Which gas is primarily responsible for oxygen transport from the lungs to the tissues?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Helium

Question 17

What is the term used to describe the exchange of respiratory gases between the lungs and the blood?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Ventilation

Question 18

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Binds to oxygen and facilitates its transport in the blood

Answer

Enhances oxygen diffusion across cell membranes

Answer

Regulates oxygen consumption by cells

Answer

Produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct of oxygen metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Answer

Excretion of waste products

Question 20

What is the term for a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Hyperoxia

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Polycythemia

Question 21

Which structure filters incoming air before it reaches the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Answer

Pharynx

Answer

Larynx

Answer

Trachea

Question 22

What part of the brain is responsible for controlling breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 23

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Air pollution

Answer

Family history

Answer

Obesity

Question 24

Which component of the lungs serves as the primary site for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Pleural space

Question 25

Which protein within red blood cells is responsible for oxygen transportation?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Myoglobin

Answer

Cytochrome c

Answer

Albumin

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Water absorption

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of acid-base balance

Answer

Detoxification

Question 27

What is the primary role of surfactant within the lungs?

Accepted Answer

To reduce surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

Answer

To increase surface tension, promoting alveolar expansion

Answer

To secrete mucus, protecting the airways

Answer

To facilitate gas diffusion across the alveolar membrane

Question 28

Within the normal range, what is the approximate pH of arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

7.35-7.45

Answer

6.8-7.0

Answer

7.6-7.8

Answer

8.0-8.2

Question 29

Which of the following blood gas profiles represents a respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

pH: 7.25, PaCO2: 45 mmHg

Answer

pH: 7.55, PaCO2: 35 mmHg

Answer

pH: 7.45, PaCO2: 25 mmHg

Answer

pH: 7.35, PaCO2: 55 mmHg

Question 30

Which structure is not directly involved in pulmonary respiration?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Diaphragm

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of acute respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Confusion

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Question 33

The alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs. Which of the following structural adaptations contributes to the efficiency of gas exchange in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Thin walls

Answer

Absence of capillaries

Answer

Thick mucus lining

Question 34

Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein found in red blood cells. What is the shape of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Sigmoidal

Answer

Parabolic

Answer

Hyperbolic

Answer

Linear

Question 35

Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, increasing respiratory rate and depth?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 36

Which of the following respiratory conditions is characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, and reversible airway inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Chronic bronchitis

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 37

What is the primary role of the diaphragm in respiration?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to increase thoracic volume, promoting inhalation

Answer

Relaxes to decrease thoracic volume, promoting exhalation

Answer

Relaxes to increase thoracic volume, promoting inhalation

Answer

Contracts to decrease thoracic volume, promoting exhalation

Question 38

Which of the following structures are the primary sites of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Pharynx

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Protection against pathogens

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Question 40

Where does gas exchange between the blood and body cells take place?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Lungs

Question 41

What is the primary role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

To bind to oxygen molecules

Answer

To regulate blood pH

Answer

To carry carbon dioxide

Answer

To transport glucose

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation and airway obstruction

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 43

The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between the body and the environment

Answer

Excretion of waste products

Answer

Filtration and purification of blood

Answer

Breakdown and absorption of nutrients

Question 44

The site where the majority of gas exchange occurs in the lungs is the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Pleura

Answer

Bronchioles

Question 45

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Answer

Vena cava

Answer

Pulmonary arteries

Answer

Aorta

Question 46

The primary physiological regulator of respiratory rate is:

Accepted Answer

Blood pH

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Hormone levels

Question 47

Factors influencing the rate of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane include:

Accepted Answer

Surface area, membrane thickness, and partial pressure gradient

Answer

Blood flow and temperature

Answer

Electrolyte balance and pH

Question 48

The primary role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport is to:

Accepted Answer

Bind and transport oxygen molecules

Answer

Transport carbon dioxide

Answer

Regulate blood pH

Answer

Inhibit blood clotting

Question 49

A consequence of excessive carbon dioxide levels in the blood is:

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Alkalosis

Answer

Arrhythmias

Question 50

The Bohr effect describes the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

pH and hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

Answer

Pressure and gas volume

Answer

Temperature and gas solubility

Question 51

The primary action of bronchodilators is to:

Accepted Answer

Relax smooth muscles in the bronchi

Answer

Inhibit mucus production

Answer

Stimulate cilia activity

Answer

Constrict smooth muscles in the bronchi