COPD Medications: Pharmacology for Nurses

Question 1

Which of these drugs is a long-acting bronchodilator for COPD?

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Theophylline

Answer

Beclomethasone

Question 2

What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Anti-inflammatory

Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Mucus clearance

Answer

Histamine inhibition

Question 3

Albuterol, a commonly used medication for COPD, belongs to which pharmacological class?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)

Answer

Long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)

Answer

Anticholinergic

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroid

Question 4

Tiotropium belongs to which class of medications used in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergic

Answer

Beta-agonist

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroid

Answer

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor

Question 5

Which mechanism of action is involved in the bronchodilatory effects of these medications in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors

Answer

Blockade of acetylcholine receptors

Answer

Increase in mucus production

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4

Question 6

What is the main reason for prescribing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Long-term reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Relief of acute exacerbations

Answer

Prevention of pneumonia

Answer

Improvement of oxygen saturation

Question 7

Which of the following is a commonly reported adverse effect of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Low blood sugar levels

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Seizures

Question 8

Which medication has a potential drug interaction with theophylline in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Omeprazole

Question 9

What is the primary nursing responsibility when administering inhaled medications via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer device?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring proper technique to maximize medication delivery to the lungs

Answer

Monitoring for signs of adverse reactions

Answer

Educating the patient on drug side effects

Answer

Assessing baseline lung function

Question 10

What is the main advantage of using a combination inhaler containing both a bronchodilator and an ICS in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Improved symptom control and reduced exacerbations

Answer

Convenience and cost-effectiveness

Answer

Reduced risk of adverse effects

Answer

Prevention of long-term lung damage

Question 11

Which of the following is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of airway smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4

Answer

Stimulation of mucin production

Answer

Decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary indication for the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of exacerbations

Answer

Improvement of lung function

Answer

Reversal of airway remodeling

Answer

Treatment of acute exacerbations

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of inhaled anticholinergics used in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Seizures

Question 14

What is the recommended route of administration for long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 15

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of systemic corticosteroids in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Answer

History of peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Pregnancy

Question 16

What is the primary mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of airway smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibition of inflammatory cell migration

Answer

Stimulation of mucus production

Answer

Increase in surfactant production

Question 17

What is the primary goal of pharmacotherapy for COPD?

Accepted Answer

To relieve symptoms and improve quality of life

Answer

To cure the underlying disease process

Answer

To reverse airway remodeling

Answer

To prevent future exacerbations

Question 18

What is the mechanism of action of roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor used in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme, resulting in increased cAMP levels

Answer

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to airway dilation

Answer

Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, reducing airway secretions

Answer

Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, reducing airway inflammation

Question 19

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with inhaled corticosteroids used in COPD treatment?

Accepted Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Renal failure

Question 20

When selecting appropriate drug therapy for COPD patients, which of the following is the most crucial factor to consider during patient evaluation?

Accepted Answer

Severity of airflow limitation

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Duration of symptoms

Answer

Patient's occupation

Question 21

Which of the following mechanisms of action is NOT associated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Inhibition of mucus production

Answer

Anti-inflammatory effects

Answer

Immunomodulation

Question 22

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of systemic corticosteroids in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

COPD exacerbation

Answer

Diabetes

Question 23

What is the primary goal of administering oxygen therapy in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Maintain arterial oxygen saturation levels above 90%

Answer

Reduce airway inflammation

Answer

Improve exercise tolerance

Question 24

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with the use of LABAs?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Nausea

Question 25

Which of the following drug classes is NOT used in the management of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Antivirals

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Bronchodilators

Question 26

Which class of bronchodilators is typically the first line of defense in relieving acute bronchospasm?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonists

Answer

Theophylline

Answer

Long-acting beta-agonists

Answer

Anticholinergics

Question 27

What is the primary pharmacological effect of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Inhibition of mucus production

Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Improvement of oxygenation

Question 28

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with long-acting anticholinergics?

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 29

What is the main therapeutic goal of oxygen therapy in COPD management?

Accepted Answer

To increase arterial oxygen saturation and reduce hypoxemia

Answer

To prevent infections

Answer

To improve lung function

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of corticosteroid use in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Question 31

Which of the following patient factors is most important in guiding the choice of COPD medication regimen?

Accepted Answer

Severity of airflow limitation

Answer

Age of the patient

Answer

Patient's preference

Answer

Smoking history

Question 32

The most appropriate parameter for monitoring the effectiveness of inhaled bronchodilators in COPD is:

Accepted Answer

Peak expiratory flow rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Oxygen saturation

Answer

Heart rate

Question 33

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) in COPD management?

Accepted Answer

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Enhancement of mucociliary clearance

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4

Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Question 34

A potential adverse effect associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD is:

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Seizures

Question 35

The use of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4-Is) in COPD is contraindicated in patients with:

Accepted Answer

Severe renal impairment

Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Concomitant use of beta-agonists

Answer

Advanced age

Question 36

Antibiotics are indicated for the treatment of COPD when the patient presents with:

Accepted Answer

Exacerbation characterized by increased sputum volume and purulence

Answer

COPD with evidence of bronchiectasis

Answer

Stable COPD with recurrent exacerbations

Question 37

The primary advantage of using a combination of LABAs and ICS in COPD management is:

Accepted Answer

Enhanced bronchodilation and reduced airway inflammation

Answer

Lower risk of pneumonia

Answer

Improved lung function

Question 38

A long-term therapeutic goal in COPD management is:

Accepted Answer

Prevention of disease progression

Answer

Elimination of all symptoms

Answer

Reversal of airway remodeling

Answer

Cure of the disease

Question 39

A common adverse effect of systemic corticosteroids used in COPD management is:

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Nausea

Question 40

In the management of COPD, which class of drugs provides the most effective symptomatic relief?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Mucolytics

Answer

Anticholinergics

Question 41

How do short-acting beta-2 agonists exert their therapeutic effect in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle via beta-2 receptor stimulation

Answer

Blockade of muscarinic receptors

Answer

Enhanced mucociliary clearance

Question 42

What is the primary mechanism by which anticholinergic medications alleviate symptoms in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of muscarinic receptors, leading to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Activation of beta-2 receptors

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Question 43

In the treatment of COPD, what is the primary rationale for using inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Answer

Mucolytic action

Question 44

When considering mucolytic agents for COPD therapy, which potential benefit is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of mucociliary clearance

Answer

Prevention of bronchospasm

Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 45

How do phosphodiesterase inhibitors exert their therapeutic effect in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, leading to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Blockade of muscarinic receptors

Answer

Activation of beta-2 receptors

Question 46

Which potential adverse effect is associated with systemic corticosteroids in COPD treatment?

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppression

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 47

When selecting medications for COPD in elderly patients, which factor is of primary importance?

Accepted Answer

Consideration of polypharmacy and potential drug interactions

Answer

Cost of medications

Answer

Route of administration

Answer

Patient preferences

Question 48

Classify the drug class that acts as a bronchodilator by stimulating beta-2 receptors.

Accepted Answer

Beta-adrenergic agonists

Answer

Theophylline

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Antimuscarinics

Question 49

Specify the drug class that effectively reduces inflammation in the airways of individuals with COPD.

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Antimuscarinics

Answer

Beta-adrenergic agonists

Answer

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors

Question 50

Indicate the primary mechanism of action of antimuscarinic drugs used in COPD therapy.

Accepted Answer

Blocking acetylcholine receptors in airway smooth muscle

Answer

Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta-2 receptors

Answer

Inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators

Question 51

Identify the drug class typically employed to manage acute exacerbations of COPD.

Accepted Answer

Systemic corticosteroids

Answer

Long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists

Answer

Inhaled antimuscarinics

Answer

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors

Question 52

Describe a key characteristic of long-acting inhaled antimuscarinics (LAMA).

Accepted Answer

Provide sustained bronchodilation for 24 hours

Answer

Offer immediate relief

Answer

Contraindicated in patients with asthma

Answer

Require frequent dosing

Question 53

Identify a potential adverse effect associated with inhaled corticosteroid therapy in COPD.

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis

Answer

Increased sputum production

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Dry cough

Question 54

Specify the drug class that, when used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, enhances efficacy in COPD treatment.

Accepted Answer

Long-acting beta-adrenergic agonist

Answer

Leukotriene modifier

Answer

Antimuscarinic

Answer

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor

Question 55

State a contraindication for the administration of theophylline in COPD management.

Accepted Answer

Severe hepatic disease

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Chronic bronchitis