Central Nervous System: Structure and Function Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Neuroglia

Answer

Axon

Question 2

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 4

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Subarachnoid space

Question 5

Which of the following is the largest part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Diencephalon

Question 6

Which of the following lobes of the cerebrum is responsible for processing spatial information?

Accepted Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 7

Which of the following is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Processing of emotions

Answer

Storage of memories

Question 8

Which brain region is responsible for maintaining equilibrium and coordinating movements?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Thalamus

Question 9

What is the outermost protective membrane surrounding the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Meninges

Question 10

The pathway responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts

Answer

Anterior horn

Answer

Posterior horn

Answer

Descending tracts

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 12

What is the primary function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Protection and cushioning of the brain and spinal cord

Answer

Transport of nutrients and waste products

Answer

Transmission of electrical impulses

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Question 13

Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelin production in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Ependymal cells

Answer

Microglia

Question 14

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory arrest

Answer

Loss of voluntary muscle control

Answer

Impaired vision

Answer

Hearing loss

Question 15

Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that transmit impulses to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Ventral horn

Answer

Dorsal horn

Answer

Lateral horn

Answer

Central canal

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three layers of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Subarachnoid space

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Secreting hormones

Answer

Coordinating body activities

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Question 18

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for receiving and processing visual information from the eyes?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 19

Which type of neuron transmits sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Sympathetic neuron

Question 20

Which region of the brainstem is primarily responsible for regulating breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Pons

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 21

Which type of glial cell is responsible for insulating neurons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 22

Which imaging technique provides detailed cross-sectional images of the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Both MRI and CT scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computerized tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a protective membrane that envelops the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 24

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining consciousness, initiating voluntary movements, and processing higher-order cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus

Question 25

What type of neuron transmits motor signals from the central nervous system to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 26

Which type of brainwave pattern is characteristic of deep sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves

Answer

Alpha waves

Answer

Beta waves

Answer

Theta waves

Question 27

The structure that facilitates communication between the two hemispheres of the brain is called the:

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in memory formation and consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 29

What is the name of the fluid that fills the ventricles of the brain and bathes the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Plasma

Answer

Blood

Answer

Lymph

Question 30

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing and understanding auditory information?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 31

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate involuntary bodily functions

Answer

To control voluntary actions

Answer

To mediate sensory perception

Answer

To coordinate motor responses

Question 32

Which region of the cerebrum interprets sensory information and initiates voluntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the meninges, the protective membranes lining the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 34

Which cranial nerve innervates the eye muscles?

Accepted Answer

Oculomotor nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 35

Which division of the autonomic nervous system generally stimulates the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter is typically released by the presynaptic neuron to excite the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 37

The process by which the brain perceives and interprets pain is called:

Accepted Answer

Nociception

Answer

Somatosensation

Answer

Proprioception

Answer

Thermoception

Question 38

Which type of neuron transmits signals from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Glial cell

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a meninges of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ependyma

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Question 40

What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres, facilitating communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 41

Which brain region is responsible for regulating body temperature, thirst, and hunger?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Pons

Question 42

What type of neuron transmits sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Efferent neuron

Question 43

Which neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in memory and learning?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 44

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Question 45

What is the process that removes carbon dioxide from the blood and takes up oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Respiration

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Question 46

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Pons

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Midbrain

Question 47

The primary motor cortex, responsible for voluntary movement, is located in which lobe of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Frontal

Answer

Occipital

Answer

Parietal

Answer

Temporal

Question 48

A patient presents with difficulty coordinating movements and maintaining balance. Which part of the brain is likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 49

The central canal of the spinal cord is filled with:

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Lymphatic fluid

Answer

Blood

Answer

Interstitial fluid

Question 50

Which of the following brain structures is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 51

The area of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst is the:

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Pons

Answer

Amygdala

Question 52

The outermost layer of the meninges, which is tough and fibrous, is called the:

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Subarachnoid space

Answer

Pia mater

Question 53

A patient experiences loss of sensation in their right leg. Which type of spinal cord tract is likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts

Answer

Ventral corticospinal tract

Answer

Descending tracts

Answer

Lateral corticospinal tract

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen to the brain

Answer

Removing waste products from the brain

Answer

Providing cushioning for the brain and spinal cord

Answer

Maintaining a stable chemical environment

Question 55

A patient experiencing memory loss and difficulty forming new memories may have damage to which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Pons

Answer

Amygdala