Thermodynamic Processes: Master the Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Question 1

Which thermodynamic process is defined by the absence of heat exchange between the system and its environment?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic process

Answer

Isothermal process

Answer

Isochoric process

Answer

Isobaric process

Question 2

Which thermodynamic property remains constant during an adiabatic process?

Accepted Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Entropy

Question 3

Which thermodynamic process occurs at constant volume?

Accepted Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isobaric

Question 4

In an adiabatic process, heat is:

Accepted Answer

Neither added nor removed

Answer

Added to the system

Answer

Removed from the system

Answer

Both added and removed

Question 5

How are the heat capacities at constant volume (Cv) and at constant pressure (Cp) related?

Accepted Answer

Cp = Cv + R

Answer

Cp > Cv

Answer

Cp < Cv

Answer

Cp = Cv

Question 6

In an isothermal process involving an ideal gas, which parameter remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Product of pressure and volume

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 7

In an isothermal process, which variable remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

An isolated electron

Answer

A closed container filled with gas

Answer

A room with a constant temperature

Answer

A moving car

Question 9

The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The ratio of work output to heat input

Answer

The ratio of heat input to work output

Answer

The change in temperature divided by the heat transferred

Answer

The entropy change divided by the temperature

Question 10

An isothermal process is characterized by what remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Entropy

Question 11

In an isobaric process, the work done by the system is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

PΔV

Answer

-PΔV

Answer

ΔPV

Answer

0

Question 12

In an adiabatic process, the change in internal energy of the system is:

Accepted Answer

equal to the work done

Answer

equal to the heat added

Answer

zero

Answer

impossible to determine

Question 13

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

Answer

Heat and work are interchangeable.

Answer

Entropy always increases.

Answer

No heat engine can be 100% efficient.

Question 14

A reversible process is defined as one that:

Accepted Answer

can be reversed without any change to the system or surroundings

Answer

returns the system to its initial state

Answer

maximizes the efficiency of a heat engine

Answer

involves zero entropy change

Question 15

Which of the following is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Free energy

Question 16

During which process is heat transfer between the system and the surroundings eliminated?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Isobaric

Question 17

In an isobaric process, which parameter remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Heat

Question 18

Which equation represents the work done during an isothermal process?

Accepted Answer

W = -nRTln(V2/V1)

Answer

W = -PdV

Answer

W = ΔU

Answer

W = Q

Question 19

A closed system undergoes a process where its volume decreases and pressure increases. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic compression

Answer

Isothermal expansion

Answer

Isochoric heating

Answer

Isobaric cooling

Question 20

Which process occurs at constant temperature?

Accepted Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isochoric

Question 21

Which equation represents an adiabatic process?

Accepted Answer

PV^γ = constant

Answer

PV = constant

Answer

TV = constant

Answer

TV^γ = constant

Question 22

Which process maintains constant pressure?

Accepted Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isochoric

Question 23

Which process is characterized by adiabatic and reversible changes?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isochoric

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a way to increase the efficiency of a heat engine?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are ways to increase efficiency

Answer

Increase the temperature of the heat source

Answer

Decrease the temperature of the heat sink

Answer

Use a reversible process

Question 25

Entropy is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Disorder

Answer

Order

Answer

Energy

Answer

Heat

Question 26

Which of these practical applications involves an isothermal process?

Accepted Answer

Refrigerator

Answer

Car engine

Answer

Steam turbine

Answer

Air compressor

Question 27

In an adiabatic process, which of the following quantities is conserved?

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Heat

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Volume

Question 28

During an isobaric expansion, the work done by the system is

Accepted Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Zero

Answer

Dependent on the volume change

Question 29

Which of the following is a real-world application of an adiabatic process?

Accepted Answer

Internal combustion engines

Answer

Steam turbines

Answer

Refrigerators

Answer

Air conditioners

Question 30

An ideal gas undergoes an isochoric process. Which of the following is true about the heat transferred into the system?

Accepted Answer

It is zero.

Answer

It is positive.

Answer

It is negative.

Answer

It is equal to the work done by the gas.

Question 31

Identify the process that is NOT a recognized thermodynamic process.

Accepted Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isobaric

Question 32

During an isobaric process, pressure remains constant. Explain the relationship between volume and temperature.

Accepted Answer

Directly proportional

Answer

Inversely proportional

Answer

Unrelated

Answer

Dependent on the specific gas

Question 33

An adiabatic expansion of a gas occurs. Predict the resulting change in temperature.

Accepted Answer

Decrease

Answer

Increase

Answer

No change

Answer

Varies based on the specific gas

Question 34

Which of the following processes occurs when the temperature remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isochoric

Question 35

During an adiabatic expansion of a gas, what happens to its temperature?

Accepted Answer

Decreases

Answer

Increases

Answer

Remains constant

Question 36

In an isobaric process, which variable remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Answer

Temperature

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of a closed thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

A sealed container with no heat exchange

Answer

A room with an open window

Answer

A car engine running

Question 38

Which of the following processes is NOT reversible?

Accepted Answer

Friction

Answer

Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas

Answer

Adiabatic compression of a gas

Question 39

What is the definition of the efficiency of a heat engine?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of work output to heat input

Answer

The ratio of heat input to work output

Answer

The ratio of heat rejected to heat input

Question 40

At absolute zero, what is the entropy of a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Question 41

How do thermodynamic principles determine the maximum efficiency of heat engines, such as the Carnot cycle?

Accepted Answer

They establish the theoretical limit of efficiency attainable by the engine.

Answer

They enable us to calculate the engine's power output.

Answer

They guide the choice of working fluid for the engine.

Answer

They are irrelevant to heat engine design and optimization.

Question 42

In an isothermal process, which of the following remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Answer

Entropy

Question 43

Which thermodynamic process involves no heat transfer?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Isobaric

Question 44

In an isobaric process, which of the following variables remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Question 45

During an adiabatic compression, the temperature of the gas typically:

Accepted Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Becomes negative

Question 46

Which process involves a change in volume while maintaining constant pressure?

Accepted Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isochoric